Ashoka was a ruler of India from 268 BCE to 232 BCE. Ashoka was critical in expanding the Mauryan Empire across almost all of India. Ashoka is known for his conquest of Kalinga following an extremely brutal war. This war had an effect on Ashoka, leading him to reject war and alter his style of ruling. Ashoka became focused on providing a better state for his people to live in, focusing on public works. This included the digging of wells and planting of trees along roads in order to provide shade and water for any travelers. He also sought to provide greater care for the elderly and allowed for greater religious freedom within his kingdom.

Ashoka also played a role in the expansion of Buddhism. Ashoka converted to Buddhism during his reign and encouraged missionary activity in order to help spread the religion. There are some historians who believe that Ashoka's policies regarding religion and Buddhism are the cause of the growth of Buddhism from a small group in India to a major regional religion.

Following Ashoka's rule, the Mauryan Empire entered a state of decline and eventually collapsed. The impact of Ashoka's rule, however, would be felt for many years to come.