After World War II, the Cold War sparks a fear of communism and technological advancement as the United States enters an arms race with the Soviet Union.

When Mary starts working at NASA, things are different from when Dorothy started work there. The military tries to expand flight possibilities. Mary starts work at NASA in 1951, when the Cold War has already begun. The fear of communism leads to the desire to increase technology, military, and space travel, which is all tied to Langley.

However, the fear of communism also has a negative impact at Langley. An employee is accused of sending classified documents to Soviet Union, and so the FBI investigates Langley employees. An African American worker, who is vocal about black empowerment, is fired as well. It seems that the fear of communism can be used against the progressive black employees. Shetterly writes about how Senator Harry Byrd exploits the fear of communism, and progressives must clearly denounce communism to protect themselves.