Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a prominent American sociologist and writer, experimented with fiction as a vehicle for sociological instruction. Despite her self-criticism regarding the literary quality of her novels, works like Herland serve as compelling educational tools. By weaving complex sociological theories into narratives, Gilman and her contemporaries have left a lasting impact on both literature and the social sciences.

Reimagining Society Through Fiction

Gilman's Herland stands out as a notable example of using fiction to explore and communicate sociological ideas. The novel’s narrative is delivered through a light, patient, and sympathetic voice that reflects the instructional methods of Herland’s educators, Somel, Moadine, and Zava. This approach aligns with the tradition of sociological instruction through fiction, a method employed by several women sociologists, including Harriet Martineau and Mari Sandoz. Gilman's First Class in Sociology, serialized in the American Fabian, further exemplifies her skill in making complex social theories accessible through hypothetical classroom dialogues.

Influence of Lester F. Ward

In Herland, Gilman echoes the theories of Lester F. Ward, an influential American sociologist who supported a woman-centered, or gynecocentric, view of society. Ward’s ideas about the rationality of women's values resonate deeply within Gilman's works, both fictional and nonfictional. Through her novels and essays such as Women and Economics, she advocates for the recognition of women's contributions to society, particularly in their role as mothers.

The Role of Motherhood in Society

A central theme in Herland is the societal importance of values derived from women's roles as mothers. Gilman posits that motherhood should be seen as a collective social function, where the welfare of all children is a shared responsibility. By adopting this perspective, society could benefit from attributes seen in Herland, such as a well-educated populace and resource efficiency. This vision reflects Gilman's belief in the potential for a more harmonious and equitable society.

Feminist Pragmatism and Gilman’s Peers

The idea that women’s values could form the basis for a better society was not exclusive to Gilman. Feminist pragmatists like Jane Addams shared similar views, as evidenced in her essay “If Men Were Seeking the Franchise.” Addams imagines a society where political power rests with women, humorously suggesting that men, like the male visitors to Herland, must shed their destructive tendencies before engaging in governance. Addams' work highlights the broader movement among women sociologists to challenge traditional gender roles and advocate for female empowerment.

Personal Reflections in Gilman’s Work

Gilman’s personal experiences also informed her sociological perspectives. Her autobiography, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, sheds light on her decision to grant custody of her daughter to her ex-husband, a move reflecting her belief that parenting should be undertaken by the most capable individual, regardless of gender. The cooperative attributes of Herland mirror the societal ideals Gilman aspired to for her own daughter, emphasizing her conviction in collective responsibility and nurturing virtues.