BIBLIOGRAPHY

Rust, Richard Dilworth. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.” In Fifteen American Authors Before 1900: Bibliographic Essays on Research and Criticism, edited by Robert A. Rees and Earl N. Harbert, pp. 263-84. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.

Primary and secondary bibliography.

BIOGRAPHIES

Arvin, Newton. Longfellow: His Life and Work. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1962, 338 p.

Biography containing detailed analyses of Longfellow's poems.

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1902, 336 p.

A detailed account of Longfellow's personal and professional life, featuring numerous excerpts from correspondence and valuable information concerning early critical evaluation of his works.

Howells, W. D. “The White Mr. Longfellow.” In his Literary Friends and Acquaintance: A Personal Retrospect of American Authorship, pp. 178-211. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900.

Reminiscences of Howell's friendship with Longfellow.

Wagenknecht, Edward. Longfellow: A Full-Length Portrait. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1955, 370 p.

A well-researched biography concentrating on Longfellow's inner life, social relationships, and the details of his career as a scholar, professor, and man of letters.

CRITICISM

Allen, Gay Wilson. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.” In his American Prosody, pp. 154-92. New York: American Book Co., 1935.

A detailed examination of Longfellow's stanzaic devices and metrical forms.

Bowen, Edwin W. “Longfellow Twenty Years After.” The Sewanee Review XIII, No. 1 (January 1905): 165-76.

Reviews Longfellow's stature as a literary figure, finding that while he “does not deserve to rank with the world's great poets,” his poetry “has more in it that appeals to the human heart than does the poetry of any of his American contemporaries.”

Davidson, Gustav. “Longfellow's Angels.” Prairie Schooner XLII, No. 3 (Fall 1968): 235-43.

Explores the representation of angels in Longfellow's work.

Fletcher, Angus. “Whitman and Longfellow: Two Types of the American Poet.” Raritan 10, No. 4 (Spring 1991): 131-45.

Compares Longfellow and Whitman, concluding that “theses two paths in the wilderness are in fact different ways of reaching the same goals.”

Franklin, Phyllis. “The Importance of Time in Longfellow's Works.” Emerson Society Quarterly, No. 58 (1970): 14-22.

Examines Longfellow's interpretation of the past and its effect on progress, concluding that “like many others in the nineteenth century, Longfellow did not conceive of the present as an absolute and isolated point in time. He could not look at the present without, at the same time, seeing the past and considering the future.”

Frothingham, O. B. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.” Atlantic Quarterly XLIX, No. CCXCVI (June 1882): 819-29.

A general overview of Longfellow's career, defending his reputation as an important American poet.

Gohdes, Clarence. “Longfellow.” In his American Literature in Nineteenth-Century England, pp. 99-126. New York: Columbia University Press, 1944.

Discusses the reception of Longfellow's poetry in England.

Gorman, Herbert S. A Victorian American: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. New York: George H. Doran Co., 1926, 363 p.

Views Longfellow in the context of the era in which he lived, calling the poet “our great Victorian.” Gorman argues that “Longfellow, without being quite conscious of it, was as much English as he was American.”

Long, Orie William. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.” In his Literary Pioneers: Early American Explorers of European Culture, pp. 159-98. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935.

Evaluates the influence of European writers, particularly Goethe, on Longfellow's art and thought.

Millward, Celia, and Tichi, Cecelia. “Whatever Happened to Hiawatha?” Genre VI, No. 3 (September 1973): 313-32.

Examines the metric and poetic devices used in The Song of Hiawatha and also discusses its relationship to other epic-heroic poetry.

More, Paul Elmer. “The Centenary of Longfellow” In his Shelburne Essays on American Literature, edited by Daniel Aaron, pp. 136-54. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1963.

Discusses the contrast between Longfellow's popular appeal and his critical reception, noting both the accessibility and the lack of originality of his work.

Moyne, Ernest J. “Hiawatha” and “Kalevala.” Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1962, 146 p.

Analyzes the relationship between The Song of Hiawatha and Kalevala, the Finnish epic that influenced both the form and content of Longfellow's poem.

Ullmann, S. “Composite Metaphors in Longfellow's Poetry.” Review of English Studies 18, No. 70 (April 1942): 219-28.

Analyzes elements of synaesthesia, “the metaphoric mingling of the various spheres of sensations,” in Longfellow's verse.

Ward, Robert Stafford. “Longfellow's Roots in Yankee Soil.” The New England Quarterly 41 (June 1968): 180-92.

Examines the New England heritage of Longfellow's verse.

Wells, Henry W. “Cambridge Culture and Folk Poetry.” In his The American Way of Poetry, pp. 44-55. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943.

Describes Longfellow as “an ideal spokesman for the spirit of romantic sentiment pervading almost all social classes in Northern Europe and North America,” but nonetheless finds his poetry derivative and lacking in feeling.

Williams, Cecil B. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. New Haven, Conn.: College & University Press, 1964, 221 p.

Critical and biographical study of Longfellow.

Zimmerman, Michael. “War and Peace: Longfellow's ‘The Occultation of Orion.’” American Literature XXXVIII, No. 4 (January 1967): 540-46.

Offers a stylistic analysis of Longfellow's poem.

Additional coverage of Longfellow's life and career is contained in the following sources published by the Gale Group: Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography, 1640-1865Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vols. 1, 59; DISCovering Authors; DISCovering Authors: British; DISCovering Authors: Canadian; DISCovering Authors Modules: Most-studied Authors and Poets; Something about the Author, Vol. 19; and World Literature Criticism Supplement.