Article Overview: Henry Fielding, a prolific journalist and playwright, was instrumental in shaping the novel as a sophisticated literary form. While he made significant contributions to law enforcement alongside his brother in forming what would become Scotland Yard, his enduring legacy lies in his novelistic achievements. Characterized by intricate plots and vivid characters, Fielding's works possess a serious intent that marks them as essential texts in English literature.

Early Years

Born on April 22, 1707, in Somersetshire, England, Henry Fielding hailed from a prestigious lineage. His father, Edmund, was closely related to the Earl of Denbigh and Lady Mary Pierrepont, who would later champion Henry's literary pursuits. The Fielding family had deep ties to the church and military; Henry's grandfather was an Archdeacon and a chaplain to King William, while his maternal grandfather, Sir Henry Gould, served as a judge on the Queen's Bench. Despite a somewhat unconventional marriage between his parents, Henry's upbringing was relatively stable until the death of his mother in 1718.

Growing up, Henry and his siblings led a lively childhood on a Dorsetshire estate, their spirits undimmed by their father's frequent absences. After the death of their mother, their father's remarriage necessitated the children’s relocation to various schools, ultimately bringing them under the care of their grandmother. At Eton, Henry's passion for classical literature blossomed, foreshadowing his later literary endeavors. He emerged as a striking young man, notable for his charm and wit, qualities that would define much of his written output.

Start of a Literary Career

Following his education at Eton, Fielding enjoyed a period of leisure, oscillating between the countryside and the vibrant city life of London. During this time, he dabbled in law and continued to write. His romantic pursuits included an audacious but unsuccessful attempt to elope with an heiress, showcasing the adventurous side of his youth. Influential figures like his cousin, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, played a pivotal role in nurturing his literary aspirations. His early work, "The Masquerade," released in 1728, was a satirical piece that set the tone for his future endeavors. That same year, his comedy "Love in Several Masques" premiered, dedicated to Lady Mary.

Despite his initial success in London's literary circles, Fielding decided to further his education at the University of Leyden. Financial constraints soon brought him back to London, and with the choice between driving a coach or writing for a living, he wisely chose the latter. This decision marked the beginning of a transformative journey for both Fielding and the English novel.

Prolific Playwright and Personal Life

Between 1730 and 1737, Fielding wrote numerous plays, ranging from adaptations of Molière to comedies and burlesques. His notable work, "Tom Thumb: A Tragedy," gained popularity, particularly among the Tory opposition to Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole, whom Fielding frequently lampooned.

During this period, Fielding fell in love with Charlotte Cradock, and their courtship culminated in marriage in 1734. Charlotte inspired some of his most celebrated female characters, such as Sophia Western, in "The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling." The couple had two daughters, but financial challenges arose when the Theatrical Licensing Act of 1737 curtailed Fielding's theatrical career.

Transition to Novelist

In response to these setbacks, Fielding turned to journalism, editing "The Champion" and refining his craft through various writings. Admitted to the bar in 1740, he continued to juggle his legal career with his passion for writing. His frustration with the acclaim of Samuel Richardson’s "Pamela" led him to craft "An Apology for the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews," a parody that marked his entry into the world of fiction. This was followed...