Characters
King Henry VIII
King Henry VIII, reigning monarch of England, is a complex character within the play. Despite being the titular character, his portrayal is somewhat inconsistent, possibly due to the collaborative nature of the play's authorship or the challenges inherent in depicting a figure so close to contemporary history. At times, King Henry appears as an allegorical embodiment of royalty, akin to Magnificence in John Skelton’s morality play. His actions reveal a blend of injustice and magnanimity; while his treatment of Queen Katharine is unjust, he shows generosity by protecting Thomas Cranmer from the council's attack. Henry's fascination with Anne Bullen is a pivotal force in the narrative, leading him to seek a divorce from Katharine and contributing to Cardinal Wolsey's downfall.
Thomas Cardinal Wolsey
Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, the Lord Chancellor of England, is depicted as a far more vivid character than King Henry. His personality is defined by arrogance and ruthlessness, particularly in his pursuit of the Duke of Buckingham's execution and his attempt to coerce Queen Katharine into accepting her divorce. Although Wolsey's pride leads to his downfall, he accepts his fate with dignity, dying a "good death" as reported to Queen Katharine, who forgives him. Wolsey's ambition and his attempt to manipulate the king's marriage plans ultimately backfire, causing his disgrace. His relationship with Cromwell highlights his human side through the loyalty and affection shown by his servant.
Queen Katharine
Queen Katharine, also known as Katharine of Aragon, is characterized by her dignity, compassion, and unwavering integrity. Despite facing adversity and material loss from her divorce, she remains unshaken and free from bitterness. Even Anne Bullen, her successful rival, speaks of her with admiration and pity, and King Henry himself refrains from criticizing her character. Katharine's rejection of the council's judgment in her divorce proceedings illustrates her steadfastness. Her final days at Kimbolton, supported by her loyal usher Griffith, emphasize her enduring nobility and grace.
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, is a steadfast ally of King Henry VIII. Considered a heretic by Wolsey and his followers, Cranmer is protected from the council's hostility by the king, who appoints him as godfather to the infant Elizabeth. Cranmer's eulogy for the late queen and his prophetic vision for Elizabeth's future highlight his importance in the play. Despite facing opposition, Cranmer's integrity earns King Henry's trust, which ultimately saves him from the council's plotting.
Anne Bullen
Anne Bullen, later known as Anne Boleyn, transitions from Queen Katharine's maid of honor to King Henry's second wife and the mother of Elizabeth. Her role in the play is more passive than her historical counterpart, focusing on her beauty and virtuous demeanor. Her presence catalyzes major events, including Henry's divorce from Katharine and Wolsey's downfall. Although Anne expresses reluctance towards queenship, she ultimately consents to replace Katharine. Her eventual fate is not foreshadowed in the play, which concludes on a celebratory note with Elizabeth's birth.
The Duke of Buckingham
Edward Bohun, the Duke of Buckingham, is the son of a former duke executed under Richard III. He is a fierce opponent of Cardinal Wolsey and becomes a victim of Wolsey's machinations. His significant role in the early part of the play ends with his dignified execution, which leaves a lasting impression of nobility and courage.
The Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, is portrayed as a moderate nobleman and an admirer of Queen Katharine. He supports her plea for the common people's relief and opposes Cardinal Wolsey. Norfolk's role is pivotal in Wolsey's downfall as he conveys the king's order for Wolsey to surrender the Lord...
(This entire section contains 1273 words.)
Unlock this Study Guide Now
Start your 48-hour free trial and get ahead in class. Boost your grades with access to expert answers and top-tier study guides. Thousands of students are already mastering their assignments—don't miss out. Cancel anytime.
Already a member? Log in here.
Chancellor's seal. Throughout the play, Norfolk's actions reflect his loyalty and concern for others.
The Earl of Surrey
The son-in-law of Buckingham, the Earl of Surrey shares in Wolsey's downfall and is vocal in his reproach. His temper is fiery, yet his actions against Wolsey are measured and strategic, reflecting his calculated quest for justice.
The Duke of Suffolk
Charles Brandon, known as the Duke of Suffolk, is another adversary of Wolsey. He is instrumental in Wolsey's overthrow, delivering the king's summons with a lack of sympathy, and indulges in taunting Wolsey during his downfall.
The Lord Chamberlain
The Lord Chamberlain, Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester, is responsible for court protocol and attends the cardinal’s party where he identifies Anne Bullen to the king. He is wary of Wolsey's influence and offers a more sympathetic stance during Wolsey's disgrace, expressing sorrow for Wolsey's reduced state.
Lord Sands
Lord Sands, characterized by his flirtatious nature, attends Wolsey's party and engages in lighthearted banter. His jovial disposition contrasts with the political tensions surrounding other characters.
Sir Thomas Lovell
Sir Thomas Lovell, a participant in the cardinal's party, oversees Buckingham's execution and seeks the duke's forgiveness, which is granted. Lovell's actions demonstrate a sense of duty and conscience.
Cardinal Campeius
Cardinal Campeius is a papal emissary tasked with overseeing Henry's divorce case. Despite his courteous demeanor, his attempts to persuade Queen Katharine to concede end in failure. His alliance with Wolsey underscores the political maneuverings at play.
Capucius
Capucius, the ambassador from Queen Katharine’s nephew, Charles V, visits her during her final moments, offering words of comfort. His presence emphasizes the international dimension of the political intrigues of the time.
The Lord Chancellor
Sir Thomas More, succeeding Cardinal Wolsey, presides over Cranmer’s hearing. His role is primarily official, reflecting the continuity of state affairs despite the turbulent political landscape.
Stephen Gardiner
Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, is a staunch Catholic and follower of Wolsey. An antagonist to Cranmer, he is compelled by the king’s command to reconcile with him, highlighting the interplay of personal rivalries and royal authority.
An Old Lady
Anne Bullen’s confidante, the Old Lady, provides a candid perspective on court ambitions. Her bawdy humor and announcement of Elizabeth's birth offer a glimpse into the everyday life and aspirations within Anne's circle.
Griffith
Griffith, Queen Katharine’s loyal gentleman usher, remains steadfast in her service during her twilight years. His recounting of Wolsey's virtues to Katharine exemplifies his integrity and compassionate nature.
Doctor Butts
Doctor Butts, King Henry’s physician, is a supporter of Cranmer. He alerts the king to the council’s disrespect towards Cranmer, playing a crucial role in preserving Cranmer's standing at court.
The Surveyor to the Duke of Buckingham
The surveyor betrays Buckingham to Cardinal Wolsey, with Buckingham viewing him as a treacherous informant. His testimony is pivotal in leading to Buckingham’s execution.
Thomas Cromwell
Thomas Cromwell, Wolsey's devoted servant, remains loyal even in his master's downfall. His subsequent rise to a trusted position under King Henry signifies the continuation of Wolsey’s legacy through Cromwell's pragmatism and loyalty.
Sir Henry Guildford
Sir Henry Guildford welcomes guests at Wolsey’s banquet, embodying the hospitality and social rituals of the court. His interactions add to the play’s depiction of courtly life.
The Duchess of Norfolk
The Duchess of Norfolk, a godmother to Elizabeth, participates in the ceremonial aspects of the christening, embodying the seamless blend of personal and political roles among the nobility.
The Marchioness of Dorset
Present during Anne’s coronation and Elizabeth’s christening, the Marchioness of Dorset is a reminder of the intricate social hierarchies and alliances within the court.
Sir Nicholas Vaux
Sir Nicholas Vaux conducts the Duke of Buckingham to execution, tasked with maintaining the dignity appropriate to Buckingham's noble station even in his final moments.
Lord Abergavenny
Lord Abergavenny, Buckingham's son-in-law, is arrested alongside Buckingham due to their shared enmity toward Wolsey. His allegations against Wolsey highlight the cardinal's coercive political maneuvers, including allegations of bankrupting nobles.
