known historically as Joan of Arc, emerges as a divisive figure. From the French perspective, she is hailed as a "divinest creature" and a "holy maid" chosen by God to liberate France from English control. Conversely, the English view her as a "high-minded strumpet" and a "witch," reflecting the deep-seated animosity towards her. The play aligns Joan's portrayal with English chroniclers of the era, depicting her as a formidable adversary allegedly inspired by dark forces rather than divine intervention. Her interactions with demonic fiends, who abandon her at a crucial moment, further cement this portrayal, casting her as an agent of evil in the English narrative.

Charles, the Dauphin of France

Charles, the Dauphin of France, embraces Joan la Pucelle's assistance with enthusiasm, even offering himself as her lover. His character is depicted as lacking strong personal delineation, often delivering expected responses to military outcomes. However, his cunning is revealed through his willingness to test Joan's powers and make duplicitous agreements with England. Charles's interactions highlight his strategic yet opportunistic nature, revealing his readiness to forsake alliances for perceived gains. His character embodies the cunning diplomacy and duplicitous tactics that were instrumental in shaping the conflict between France and England during this tumultuous period.

Richard Plantagenet

Richard Plantagenet, who eventually becomes the Duke of York, is characterized by his ambition and leadership within the Yorkist party. As the nephew of Edmund Mortimer, Richard asserts his claim to the English throne, pressuring King Henry VI to recognize him as his heir. His strategic maneuvering and political aspirations are central to the power struggle that unfolds, as he seeks to establish the supremacy of the House of York. Richard's determination to challenge the legitimacy of Henry VI's reign and his pursuit of the crown underscore his pivotal role in the dynastic conflicts that define the era.

Edmund Mortimer

Edmund Mortimer, the Earl of March, is portrayed as an aging Yorkist heir who passes his cause to Richard Plantagenet. His character is significant in highlighting the frailty of Henry VI's claim to the throne and advocating for the superior lineage of the House of York. Mortimer's limited appearance is crucial, as he articulates the complexities of the Yorkist claim and informs Richard Plantagenet of his inheritance. His insights into royal lineage emphasize the legitimacy issues surrounding Henry VI's rule, making him a key figure in the unfolding dynastic power struggle.

The Duke of Bedford

The Duke of Bedford, King Henry VI’s uncle, serves as the regent of France, playing a pivotal role in maintaining English control over French territories. Bedford's character underscores the formidable challenges faced by England in preserving its dominion abroad while dealing with internal conflicts among the nobility. Despite his efforts to mediate these disputes, the broader political instability and the eventual loss of French territories reflect the daunting task entrusted to him, illustrating the complex interplay of domestic and foreign pressures during his regency.

Thomas Beaufort

Thomas Beaufort, the Duke of Exeter, is a great-uncle and trusted advisor to King Henry VI. Renowned for his foresight, Exeter delivers significant soliloquies that foreshadow the challenges England will face under Henry VI’s reign. His insights reveal the potential for factional strife and the eventual loss of French territories, emphasizing the looming threat of civil unrest. Exeter's role as a stabilizing force amidst political turbulence highlights his wisdom and the importance of his counsel in navigating the complexities of the English court.

Alanson (Duke of Alanson)

The Duke of Alanson is a French nobleman within Charles the Dauphin's entourage. Initially scornful of the English forces at the siege of Orleance, he gradually comes to admire their "courage and audacity." His evolving perspective reflects the grudging respect between adversaries, emphasizing the valiant efforts displayed by both sides in the conflict. Alanson's character underscores the shifting dynamics of loyalty and respect amidst the broader backdrop of war.

Ambassadors

The ambassadors serve as emissaries from the pope, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Earl of Armagnac. They appear before King Henry VI with various requests, such as urging him to make peace with France and proposing a marriage alliance with the Earl of Armagnac's daughter. Henry's agreement to these proposals illustrates the diplomatic negotiations and political alliances that shape the era, highlighting the intricate interplay of international diplomacy in securing peace and stability.

Attendants (English and French)

The attendants, both English and French, play a role in formal events such as the funeral of Henry V and the coronation of Henry VI. Their presence serves to enhance the gravitas and ceremonial aspects of these scenes, contributing to the depiction of the court's intricate hierarchy and the traditions that define the royal court's pageantry.

Auvergne (Countess of Auvergne)

The Countess of Auvergne, appearing in Act II, Scene iii, attempts to capture Lord Talbot through deceit. Her scheme involves luring him to her castle under false pretenses; however, Talbot anticipates the trap and arrives with soldiers, thwarting her plan. Her actions are driven by a sense of patriotism rather than malice, highlighting the diverse motivations fueling the conflict and the personal risks taken by individuals amid political instability.

Basset

Basset, a servant of the Duke of Somerset and a supporter of the Lancastrian faction, engages in disputes with Vernon, a Yorkist adherent. Their conflicts highlight how noble rivalries extend to their servants, fostering enmity even at lower societal levels. Basset's quarrels with Vernon offer insights into the broader societal conflicts between noble families, illustrating the pervasive nature of factionalism and its impact on all tiers of society.

Bastard (Bastard of Orleance [Orleans])

The Bastard of Orleance is a minor character within Charles the Dauphin's retinue. He participates in several scenes, notably bringing news of Joan de Pucelle's arrival and advocating for the desecration of Talbot's corpse. His role underscores the bitter animosity between the French and English forces, highlighting the emotional and deeply personal dimensions of the conflict that transcend mere military engagements.

Beauford (Henry Beauford, Bishop of Winchester, afterwards Cardinal)

Henry Beauford, initially the Bishop of Winchester and later a Cardinal, is depicted as an ambitious prelate who seeks to control the young King Henry VI and remove the Lord Protector, Gloucester, from power. His manipulative tactics include amassing weapons secretly and leveraging the pope's authority to achieve his ends. Beauford's ambitions culminate in his rise to the rank of cardinal, achieved through bribery, reflecting his willingness to employ unethical means for personal advancement. His character embodies the corrupt nexus of politics and religion, showcasing the moral and ethical compromises that define his pursuit of power.

Beauford (Thomas Beauford, Duke of Exeter)

Thomas Beauford, the Duke of Exeter, serves as a stabilizing force in King Henry VI's reign, offering guidance and prophecy. Known for his insight, he foresees the potential for civil unrest due to the young king's inability to manage his nobles. Exeter's speeches, delivered as soliloquies, highlight the impending danger of losing French territories and the internal strife threatening England's stability. His foresight and wisdom are instrumental in navigating the political turbulence of the time, making him a crucial advisor in the English court.

Beauford (John Beauford, Earl, afterwards Duke, of Somerset)

John Beauford, a staunch advocate for the Lancastrian cause, plays a prominent role in the disputes between the Lancastrians and Yorkists. His refusal to support Lord Talbot at the Battle of Burdeaux due to ongoing rivalry with York has devastating consequences for the English, underscoring the destructive impact of factionalism. His character illustrates the internecine conflicts that exacerbate military failures and highlight the broader political fractures within the realm.

Bedford (Duke of Bedford)

The Duke of Bedford, the king's uncle, serves as the regent of France, tasked with retaining English control over French territories. His appearances in the play underscore the challenges facing England in its efforts to maintain dominance abroad, while also attempting to mediate internal conflicts among English nobles. Bedford's role as a mediator and strategist reflects the complex interplay of domestic and foreign pressures during his regency, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of his responsibilities.

Bishop of Winchester (Henry Beauford, Bishop of Winchester, afterwards Cardinal)

See Beauford

Boy

See Son

Burgundy (Duke of Burgundy)

The Duke of Burgundy is one of France's most powerful nobles, initially allied with England and crucial to their victories at Orleance and Roan. However, after being persuaded by Joan de Pucelle, he defects to the French side. This defection, considered a "monstrous treachery" by the English, prompts Talbot to besiege Burdeaux in response. Burgundy's change of allegiance highlights the volatile nature of political alliances and the impact of charismatic figures like Joan in swaying the course of war.

Captains

Several captains appear throughout the play, often serving to convey military strategies or judgments. One captain receives Talbot's whispered instructions, while another condemns Sir John Falstaff's cowardice for fleeing the battlefield. Their roles emphasize the hierarchical nature of military command and the critical communication required to execute strategic maneuvers effectively.

Cardinal of Winchester (Henry Beauford, Bishop of Winchester, afterwards Cardinal)

See Beauford

Charles (Charles the Dolphin [Dauphin], afterwards King of France)

Charles, as the heir to the French throne, engages in key military confrontations with the English. Despite his lack of strong personal traits, his cunning and duplicity come through in his dealings with Joan de Pucelle and the English, showcasing a willingness to break promises for perceived gains. His interactions reveal a shrewd mind adept at exploiting opportunities in the tumultuous political landscape, underscoring his pivotal role in the conflict between France and England.

Countess of Auvergne

See Auvergne

Dolphin (Charles the Dolphin [Dauphin], afterwards King of France)

See Charles

Edmund (Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March)

See Mortimer

Exeter (Thomas Beauford, Duke of Exeter)

See Beauford

Falstaff (Sir John Falstaff)

This Falstaff, unlike his counterpart in Henry IV and The Merry Wives of Windsor, is a coward devoid of charm. His cowardice leads to Talbot's capture at Orleance, and his flight from combat further marks him as dishonorable. Eventually, he is stripped of his knighthood and banished "on pain of death" by the king. Falstaff's ignominious behavior underscores the stark contrast between his character and those of the more valorous nobles around him, illustrating the consequences of cowardice in a society that values martial prowess.

Fiends

These devils appear to Joan la Pucelle before the battle at Angiers in V.iii. She summons them for victory as before, but they abandon her. This scene reinforces her depiction as aligned with dark forces rather than divine inspiration, cementing her portrayal as a sinister adversary accused of relying on malevolent powers.

Gargrave (Sir Thomas Gargrave)

Sir Thomas Gargrave appears at the siege of Orleance alongside Salisbury, Talbot, and Glansdale. He is killed by cannon fire, his death marking the brutal reality of war. Gargrave's demise highlights the indiscriminate nature of combat and the personal sacrifices made by those on the battlefield, underscoring the tragic cost of warfare.

General

The General appears on the battlements of Burdeaux to respond to Talbot's challenge. He refuses to surrender and correctly predicts Talbot’s eventual defeat, highlighting Talbot as a formidable adversary. The General's role illustrates the tactical considerations and steadfast determination that characterize military leadership in the face of overwhelming odds.

Glansdale (Sir William Glansdale)

Sir William Glansdale, present at the siege of Orleance, survives the cannon fire that claims Salisbury and Gargrave, further illustrating the indiscriminate nature of warfare. His survival amidst the chaos underscores the unpredictable fates of soldiers in battle and the resilience required to endure the rigors of war.

Governor of Paris

The Governor of Paris appears in a non-speaking role, swearing loyalty to King Henry VI during his coronation. His presence in this ceremonial capacity emphasizes the formalities and allegiances that underpin the king's sovereignty and the political importance of such public affirmations of loyalty.

Heralds

Heralds appear during two formal occasions: the funeral of Henry V and the retrieval of Talbot's body. They contribute to the ceremonial aspects of these scenes, reinforcing the traditions and rituals that define the royal court's proceedings, while also highlighting the intersection of public duty and personal loss.

Humphrey of Gloucester

See Gloucester

Jailers (to Mortimer)

These characters accompany the dying Mortimer in a singular scene, underscoring his imprisoned reality. Their presence highlights the grim conditions and isolation faced by Mortimer, serving as a poignant reminder of the personal sacrifices entailed in the dynastic struggle for power.

Joan de Aire

See Pucelle

Joan de Pucelle

See Pucelle

John Talbot (John Talbot, son of Lord Talbot)

See Talbot

Keepers

See Jailers

Lawyer

Appearing in one scene, the lawyer's role in the Temple Garden marks the deep divisions between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions, reflecting the pervasive nature of political enmity. The lawyer's presence underscores the legal and societal implications of the ongoing power struggles, emphasizing the complexity and far-reaching consequences of these rivalries.

Lord Talbot (Lord Talbot, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury)

See Talbot

Lords (English and French)

Present in formal scenes, these lords supplement the dramatic atmosphere of events like King Henry VI's coronation. Their presence highlights the intricate web of alliances and fealties that define the political landscape, as well as the ceremonial grandeur that accompanies royal events.

Lucy (Sir William Lucy)

Sir William Lucy serves as a messenger for Talbot, relaying urgent requests for reinforcements during the siege of Burdeaux. He interacts with York and Somerset, highlighting the blame and discord within the English ranks. Ultimately, Lucy's role underscores the tragic loss of the Talbots, whose bodies he claims from the French. His presence highlights the communications necessary in wartime and the personal toll taken by the conflict.

Margaret (daughter of Reignier)

Margaret, destined to be the future queen of England, is depicted as possessing a "pure unspotted heart." Captured by Suffolk after the French defeat at Angiers, her beauty captivates him, leading to her engagement to King Henry VI. Her betrothal underscores political maneuvering and personal ambition, as her marriage alliance is instrumental in securing power and influence for both Suffolk and the English crown.

Master Gunner (of Orleance)

The Master Gunner is indirectly responsible for the deaths of the Earl of Salisbury and Sir Thomas Gargrave during the siege of Orleance, showcasing the tactical aspects of siege warfare. His role reflects the lethal ingenuity involved in military engagements and the critical impact of artillery on the outcome of battles.

Mayor of London

The Mayor of London appears twice, first to disperse a brawl between the servants of Winchester and Gloucester, then again to complain to the king about continuing skirmishes. His attempts at peace demonstrate the entrenched hostility between these factions, highlighting the challenges of maintaining order amidst the factional violence that threatens the city's stability.

Messengers

Messengers throughout the play deliver critical news to both French and English forces. They play a significant role in the opening scene, delivering a sequence of reports that highlight the dire state of English affairs in France, setting the stage for the conflicts that follow. Their urgent dispatches underscore the rapid pace of military and political developments, emphasizing the pivotal role of communication in shaping the course of history.

Mortimer (Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March)

Mortimer's sole appearance is pivotal as he articulates the complexities of the Yorkist claim to the throne and informs Richard Plantagenet of his inheritance. His insights into the royal lineage emphasize the flaws in Henry VI's legitimacy, making Mortimer a key figure in the dynastic power struggle. His character illustrates the weight of historical precedent and the enduring impact of ancestral claims on contemporary political conflicts.

Officer

Tasked by the Mayor of London, the officer enforces the proclamation against weapon carrying, reflecting the city's attempts to curb escalating violence between rival factions. The officer's role underscores the challenges of maintaining civil order in a fractious society, highlighting the persistent tension between public authority and private vendettas.

Orleance (Bastard of Orleance [Orleans])

See Bastard

Papal Legate

In V.i, the Papal Legate is among the ambassadors who present formal requests to King Henry VI. His interaction with the Cardinal of Winchester highlights the cardinal’s manipulative ascent to power through bribery. The legate's presence underscores the influence of the papacy in international relations and the complex interplay of religious and political interests in shaping the era's diplomatic landscape.

Pole

See Suffolk

Porter

The Porter serves the Countess of Auvergne, assisting in her plot to capture Talbot by facilitating his entry into her castle. His role highlights the auxiliary functions that support noble schemes and the intricate plans devised to achieve strategic objectives, illustrating the diverse characters involved in the broader conflict.

Pucelle (Joan de Pucelle, also called Joan of Aire)

Joan de Pucelle is introduced from the French perspective as a divinely inspired liberator of France. However, English views swiftly turn her into a figure of scorn and suspicion. The play portrays her as a perjurer, denying her peasant origins, and as promiscuous, claiming noblemen as potential fathers to avoid execution. Her final interactions with demonic fiends cement her depiction as an agent of the Devil. This portrayal reflects the cultural and ideological biases of the time, emphasizing the contested nature of her legacy and the enduring influence of propaganda in shaping historical narratives.

Reignier (Reignier, Duke of Anjou)

A trusted ally of Charles the Dauphin, Reignier is the father of Margaret. His agreement to her marriage with Henry VI secures his control over his lands, Maine and Anjou, free from English rule. Reignier's actions highlight the strategic marriages that cement political alliances and the intricate calculations involved in maintaining territorial sovereignty amidst shifting allegiances.

Richard (Richard Plantagenet, afterwards Duke of York)

See Plantagenet

Salisbury (Earl of Salisbury)

Appearing in only one scene, Salisbury's death at the siege of Orleance serves to highlight the harsh realities of war. His demise from cannon fire symbolizes the indiscriminate brutality of the conflict and the personal cost of military campaigns, underscoring the themes of sacrifice and the human toll of warfare that permeate the narrative.

Scout

The Scout brings news to the French in V.ii, warning them of the regrouped English forces despite their initial defeat at Burdeaux. His role underscores the cyclical nature of military engagements, emphasizing the ebb and flow of battle and the constant vigilance required to navigate the uncertainties of war. The Scout's intelligence-gathering exemplifies the crucial role of reconnaissance in determining strategic outcomes.

Sentinels

In II.i, the Sentinels follow orders to watch for English soldiers attempting to sneak into Orleance. Their interactions reflect the harsh realities faced by common soldiers during wartime, highlighting the vigilance and discipline demanded of those tasked with defending besieged positions. The sentinels' role underscores the constant threat of enemy incursions and the unrelenting pressures faced in maintaining a defensive stance.

Sergeant

A French soldier, the Sergeant instructs the Sentinels in II.i to signal any English incursions. His role illustrates the vigilance required in defending a besieged city and the critical importance of effective communication in coordinating defensive efforts. The Sergeant's presence underscores the hierarchical structure of military operations and the responsibilities entrusted to frontline commanders.

Servant

The Servant supports the dying Lord Talbot in IV.vii, guiding him to his son's body, highlighting the personal tragedy of the war. This poignant moment underscores the familial bonds and personal sacrifices that coexist with the broader political and military struggles, emphasizing the emotional resonance of individual stories within the larger narrative of conflict.

Servingmen

The Servingmen belong to the households of the Duke of Gloucester and the Bishop of Winchester. Their ongoing skirmishes, despite prohibitions, reflect the entrenched animosities between their masters, mirroring the noble conflicts. The servingmen's disputes highlight the pervasive nature of factionalism and the extent to which personal allegiances shape the dynamics of societal interactions and influence the course of events.

Shepherd

Pucelle's father, the Shepherd, is rejected by her as she faces execution. His reaction—wishing her burned—reflects a deep sense of betrayal and personal sorrow. The Shepherd's emotional response underscores the familial tensions and the personal dimensions of public actions, illustrating the profound impact of individual choices on family relationships within the historical context.

Soldiers

Two soldiers have minor speaking roles: one English soldier expresses intent to pillage Orleance, while a French soldier echoes similar sentiments about Roan, revealing the common soldier's perspective. Their roles highlight the shared experiences and motivations of combatants on both sides of the conflict, emphasizing the universal themes of survival and opportunism amidst the chaos of war.

Son (of the Master Gunner)

The Son fires the shot in I.iv that kills Sir Thomas Gargrave and the Earl of Salisbury, demonstrating the indiscriminate lethality of war. His actions underscore the role of youth in the machinery of war and the tragic consequences of their involvement, emphasizing the generational impact of conflict and the loss of innocence that accompanies the brutality of battle.

Suffolk (Earl of Suffolk)

A fervent supporter of the Lancastrian cause, Suffolk's machinations lead to the betrothal of Margaret to Henry VI. His capture of Margaret and subsequent manipulation of the king exemplifies his ambition to control the throne through cunning political maneuvering. Suffolk's actions highlight the strategic marriages and personal influence that define the political landscape, showcasing his adeptness at navigating the complexities of power to achieve his objectives.

Talbot (John Talbot, son of Lord Talbot)

John Talbot, as brave as his father, dies alongside him in the battle at Burdeaux. Their poignant reunion after seven years highlights the personal loss amidst the backdrop of war, with John refusing to flee and proving his valor through feats of arms. The Talbots' shared fate underscores the themes of honor, legacy, and sacrifice, emphasizing the enduring impact of familial bonds and the personal costs of wartime decisions.

Talbot (Lord Talbot, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury)

Lord Talbot is the quintessential English warrior and general, feared by the French and revered by his countrymen. His strategic brilliance and courage result in key victories for England, yet he ultimately falls at Burdeaux due to the destructive feuding between Somerset and York. Talbot's legacy as a military hero is marred by the factional conflicts that undermine his efforts, illustrating the intersection of personal honor and political intrigue in shaping historical outcomes.

Somerset (John Beauford, Earl, afterwards Duke, of Somerset)

See Beauford

Vernon

A loyal servant of the Duke of York and Yorkist supporter, Vernon engages in disputes with Basset, illustrating the deep-seated noble rivalries that extend even to their servants. Vernon's appeal to the king for redress underscores the pervasive nature of these conflicts, highlighting the entangled loyalties and the broader impact of political divisions on personal relationships within the kingdom.

Warders

Officials at the Tower of London, the Warders deny entry to the Duke of Gloucester on the bishop of Winchester's orders, reflecting the power struggle between these two factions. Their actions emphasize the importance of loyalty and authority within the power dynamics of the English court, showcasing the ongoing conflict over control of critical institutions.

Warwick (Earl of Warwick)

Warwick plays a vital role in formal court scenes and is a key figure in the rivalry between the Houses of Lancaster and York. His judgments on the disputes and the character of the king reflect his influential position, while his prophecies about the ensuing civil strife underscore his foresight. Warwick's strategic acumen and political insight make him a pivotal figure in navigating the turbulent landscape of the era, shaping the course of events through his decisive interventions.

Watch

The Watch is deceived by Joan la Pucelle into allowing a French advance party into Roan, a testament to her cunning and the vulnerabilities of the English defenses. Their actions highlight the challenges of maintaining security and the susceptibility of defenses to subterfuge, underscoring the complex tactics employed in the broader conflict.

Woodvile

The lieutenant of the Tower of London, Woodvile enforces the orders of the bishop of Winchester by preventing Gloucester's entry to inspect the Tower's weaponry, highlighting the ongoing power struggles within England's leadership. His role underscores the authority vested in key military positions and the influence of political allegiances on the execution of duties, illustrating the intricate interplay of power and responsibility in the era's governance.