Editor's Choice
What are key contributions of new historicism, cultural materialism and feminism in Henry V?
Quick answer:
New historicism in Henry V highlights Shakespeare's reinterpretation of historical events to reflect Elizabethan England's national pride and emerging literary prowess. Cultural materialism examines how the play reveals the transition from feudalism to modernity. Feminism critiques the portrayal of women, particularly through characters like Katherine, and challenges the exclusionary principles of Salic Law. These approaches collectively deepen our understanding of both Shakespeare's era and the historical context of the play.
This is an interesting and valuable question, since it touches on the issue of the extent to which Shakespeare's plays represent or endorse the old feudal order, or rather, look forward into the modern age. New historicism seeks to understand historical processes through literature and is based on the concept of a symbiosis between literature and history. Henry V is in fact a relevant work to look at in this context.
In dealing with historical events Shakespeare, like any author, is reinterpreting the past in light of the mindset of his own period. England during Elizabeth I's reign was a triumphant nation. It had become a world power with its defeat of the Spanish, and the London literary establishment also had a new awareness of the ability of the English to create a literature rivaling or surpassing that of the Romance languages. This national pride is expressed in Shakespeare's histories, especially Henry V. So in reading or attending a performance of it, we are engaged in the process of understanding, through literature, the history Shakespeare is depicting, but also the history of his own period nearly two hundred years after the battle of Agincourt. The extent to which Shakespeare's view of Henry V's time is accurate is something that we have to discover separately from the process of exposure to his work, however. And our awareness of why Shakespeare has altered or reinterpreted history then leads us to a greater understanding of both the period of the Hundred Years' War and of the Elizabethan era.
The issue of feminism and its relation to the events of Henry V is also worth discussing. Henry's claim to the French throne is depicted as based on Salic Law, which held that women were to be excluded from the direct line of inheritance to a throne. In spite of his flag-waving for his own country, is Shakespeare really endorsing this view? Also, what does his depiction of Katherine, the French princess who is to become Henry's bride, tell us about the status of women at the time? The most memorable scene in which Katherine appears, in my view, is the one in which she is attempting to learn English. Beyond the comical mixing up of words, there is a significance to this scene that transcends the effort to adjust to a new language and culture, and perhaps shows the forward-looking features that appear again and again in Shakespeare's depiction of women, in characters as diverse as Katherine, Juliet, Cordelia, and many others.
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