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Heart of Darkness

by Joseph Conrad

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Student Question

What is the central idea in Heart of Darkness and how do the elements of fiction contribute to it?

Quick answer:

The central idea in Heart of Darkness is moral ambiguity and corruption, highlighted by the imperialism in the Congo and Kurtz's actions. Elements of fiction, such as setting and symbolism, contribute significantly. The setting contrasts "darkness" and "light," challenging the typical associations of darkness with evil and light with good, thus reflecting the moral complexity Marlow encounters. This symbolic ambiguity reinforces the theme of moral uncertainty.

Expert Answers

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The most important idea or theme that Conrad explores in his novella is that of moral ambiguity and moral corruption. The imperialism of the Congo, the treatment of the natives, and Kurtz's horrific behavior all point to what can happen when one is in a place where there are few consequences for one's actions.

The setting is crucial in juxtaposing "darkness" and "light" as two of the major symbols throughout the work. Some critics take issue with Conrad's equation of darkness=evil and light=good; they believe that racism is inherent in this kind of thinking. But Conrad actually mixes up these symbols and confuses them--darkness does not always symbolize corruption, and light does not always symbolize good. It is this kind of symbolic ambiguity that mirrors the moral ambiguity that Marlow is faced with during his journey.

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