Discussion Topic

The point of view in "Harrison Bergeron"

Summary:

The point of view in "Harrison Bergeron" is third-person limited. The narrative focuses primarily on George and Hazel Bergeron, providing insight into their thoughts and feelings while describing events in the dystopian society without an omniscient perspective.

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What is the point of view in "Harrison Bergeron"?

Kurt Vonnegut's 1961 satire on popular science fiction depictions of futuristic dystopian societies, Harrison Bergeron, is written from the perspective of an anonymous, unseen narrator.  All text is presented in the third person, as in the following description of the story's protagonist, 14-year-old, 7-foot tall Harrison after the government has forced him to conceal his physically and mentally superior attributes for the purpose of enforcing polices on equality.  In addition to having to wear a red rubber ball on his nose, he is forced to shave off his eyebrows and wear black caps on his teeth, all in the interest of making his physical appearance less attractive and more in line with that of the masses:

"The rest of Harrison's appearance was Halloween and hardware. Nobody had ever born heavier handicaps. He had outgrown hindrances faster than the H-G men could think them up. Instead of a little ear...

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radio for a mental handicap, he wore a tremendous pair of earphones, and spectacles with thick wavy lenses. The spectacles were intended to make him not only half blind, but to give him whanging headaches besides."

Harrison, of course, has been forced to obscure his physical attributes to ensure that he does not elevate himself above the average citizen.  The headphones are intended to interfere with his ability to formulate thoughts, and physically stronger or faster individuals are required to wear heavy weights to slow them down to average speed and weaken them.  In addition to the third-person descriptions of characters and actions, Vonnegut's story describes dialogue from the perspective of the unseen narrator:

"'I am the Emperor!' cried Harrison. 'Do you hear? I am the Emperor! Everybody must do what I say at once!' He stamped his foot and the studio shook."

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The point of view in "Harrison Bergeron" is third-person omniscient. This is shown by an unseen narrator who is not involved with the story, but knows the characters, their actions, and their internal thoughts and motivations. No character in the story is involved in the telling, and the narrator seems to have knowledge of the story, its origins, and its consequences, as if he were a fly-on-the-wall in multiple locations at the same time.

And it was in that clammy month that the H-G men took George and Hazel Bergeron's fourteen-year-old son, Harrison, away.
It was tragic, all right, but George and Hazel couldn't think about it very hard.
(Vonnegut, "Harrison Bergeron," tnellen.com)

While the majority of the story takes place in the Bergeron's living room, where Harrison's parents are watching the television, the narrator shows knowledge of events outside the room. It is arguable that the narrator may be third-person limited, as everything that happens with Harrison is shown on the television set, but the beginning of the narration shows at least one event outside that scope: the kidnapping of Harrison Bergeron, after the establishment of the Handicap Laws.

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What is the point of view of the story "Harrison Bergeron"?

In “Harrison Bergeron,” the narrator utilizes a third-person omniscient point of view. Unlike first-person (in which the narrator uses “I” or “we” and is directly involved in the story) or second-person (in which the narrator uses “you” and speaks directly to the reader), first-person narrators speak about the characters, using the pronouns “he,” “she,” and “it.” Note that use of pronouns within dialogue does not indicate the point of view of a story. These pronouns must be used outside of dialogue.

Third-person omniscient (“all-knowing”) indicates that the narrator knows everything about the characters in the story, including their thoughts. In the case of “Harrison Bergeron,” the reader is privy from the very first scene to the thoughts and actions of both George and Hazel Bergeron. The two characters, parents of the titular Harrison, are watching ballerinas on television, and the reader learns that Hazel is crying yet she has forgotten what caused the tears. Likewise, George receives a loud sound through the transmitter in his ear and “his thoughts fled in panic.” In this scene, we are aware of what both characters are thinking and feeling, making the point of view omniscient.

Moreover, the narrator also knows background information about the characters in the third-person omniscient point of view. The reader is told that George must wear handicaps to lessen his intelligence, unlike Hazel, who is “perfectly average.” When George hears Harrison’s booming footsteps on television (strong enough to create an “earthquake”), the reader learns what is happening currently—George realizes that Harrison is the cause of the noise—and also what happened in the past: “…many was the time his own home had danced to the same crashing tune.” The narrator knows that Harrison had similarly loud footsteps when he still lived with his father. In essence, the narrator of “Harrison Bergeron” knows everything about the characters and society of the story and speaks about them using either their character names or the pronouns “he” and “she.”

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What is the significance of the narrative point of view in "Harrison Bergeron"?

The narrative point of view employed in "Harrison Bergeron" is third person omniscient.  It should also be noted that the narrator poses judgements on the occurrences in the story.  For example, at the beginning of the story, the narrator defines the setting of the story as the year 2081, a time when many additional amendments to the Constitution have been made.  The attempt has been to make everyone equal, yet the narrator claims that "[s]ome things about living still weren't quite right, though."  Because the narrator interjects on events and characterizes the nature of events in a particular way, the tone of the story is bent towards the absurd.  Using the narrative point of view in this way allows the author Kurt Vonnegut to develop the story as a satire.

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