Student Question

In the poem "Harlem", what do the phrases "dry up like a raisin in the sun" and "stink like rotten meat" mean?

Quick answer:

In "Harlem," the phrases "dry up like a raisin in the sun" and "stink like rotten meat" symbolize the negative consequences of deferred dreams. A dream that "dries up" suggests it becomes lifeless and withered, while one that "stinks" indicates it turns into something unpleasant and harmful. Langston Hughes uses these images to highlight the detrimental effects of societal discrimination and the denial of opportunities, particularly for African-Americans during the Harlem Renaissance.

Expert Answers

An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles

The poem about a "Dream Deferred, " or "Harlem," or "Montage of a Dream Deferred" represents Langston Hughes' exploration of the results of dreams that are set aside or dismissed.  The poem explores the different and varied results of this deferral, or denial of one's most sacred of visions, their dreams.  In a world which encourages individuals to dreams, and outwardly professes the benefit of dreaming, there is an opposite message sent to some members of that society when their dreams are either denied, put aside, or dismissed.  The results are the images in the poem.  For example, when a dream dries up "like a raisin in the sun," the image connotes a picture of something that was once succulent and full of life, like a grape off of the vine, subjected to the harsh and brutal sun where it can only wither away into a wrinkled shell of what it once was.  In another image, Hughes creates the image of such dismissal of dreams as becoming something awful, terrible to others, casting such a negative sensation that it becomes a blight on a social order, or "stink like rotten meat."  For Hughes and other writers in the Harlem Renaissance, America of the 20th Century battled between professing progress and opportunity for all under the shadow of discrimination and denial of opportunities for African- Americans and people of color.  In a land where immigrants come to pursue their dreams, Hughes examines the result of the flip side to that coin, when dreams are deferred.

Get Ahead with eNotes

Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.

Get 48 Hours Free Access
Approved by eNotes Editorial