In The Handmaid's Tale, control is a central theme, manifesting through various societal structures and practices in the dystopian world of Gilead. The regime exerts power over individuals, particularly women, by restricting their freedoms and enforcing rigid roles. This control is maintained through prohibitions on reading and writing, manipulation of reproductive rights, and the use of clothing to enforce societal norms.

Reading and writing are forbidden in Gilead to prevent women from communicating secretly and fostering resistance. By denying women literacy, the regime limits their ability to educate themselves and question the status quo. The government controls the interpretation of religious texts, ensuring that only supportive narratives are disseminated. This manipulation of information keeps women submissive and unaware of potential injustices.

"A rat in a maze is free to go anywhere, as long as it stays inside the maze."

Reproductive control is another significant aspect of Gilead's power. Women are categorized into roles such as Handmaids, whose primary purpose is to bear children for the ruling class. Offred's statement, "I am a national resource," highlights how women are reduced to their biological functions. The regime's control over reproduction is reminiscent of other dystopian works, such as Brave New World, where the state dictates procreation.

Clothing in Gilead serves to identify and classify individuals, reinforcing societal hierarchies. Handmaids wear red to symbolize fertility, while other colors denote different roles. The prescribed clothing eliminates individuality and enforces modesty, preventing personal expression and maintaining control over women's bodies. The restrictive garments also limit interaction between genders, reducing the risk of rebellion or non-conformity.

While men hold official power in Gilead, some women, like the Aunts, wield authority by enforcing the regime's rules. Others, like Serena Joy, exert influence through their relationships with powerful men. Despite the oppressive system, women find ways to resist and challenge the status quo, demonstrating that control is never absolute.