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What is the most ironic scene in Hamlet?

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The most ironic scene in Hamlet is Act 3, Scene 3, where Hamlet refrains from killing Claudius during his prayer, believing Claudius is repenting. Ironically, Claudius's repentance is insincere, and Hamlet misses an opportunity to exact revenge as he intended. Another ironic scene is Act 3, Scene 4, where Hamlet kills Polonius, mistaking him for Claudius. This act inadvertently leads to a chain of tragic events, including Ophelia's madness and death, and Laertes seeking revenge.

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I think the most ironic scene in this play is act 3, scene 3. In this scene, after Polonius leaves the king to spy on Hamlet and Gertrude in Gertrude's bedchamber, the king soliloquizes, speaking of his guilt over the murder of his brother, the old King Hamlet. Hamlet comes upon his uncle while his uncle prays, and though he could in this moment kill the man with little trouble, he decides not to because he does not want to send Claudius straight to heaven—as he believes Claudius is atoning and praying for absolution for his sins—when Claudius killed Hamlet's father before the former king had such an opportunity. Old King Hamlet pines in Purgatory, and the prince wants Claudius to suffer a similar fate, or worse. However, what Hamlet does not realize is that Claudius does not truly repent his sins, and his words will "never to heaven...

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go" because his thoughts and actions do not support them (3.3.103). He is unwilling to give up the things he obtained as a result of his sin—his wife, his power and status, his position—and so his repentance is empty. Ironically, Hamletcould have killed him and achieved precisely what he hoped.

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The most ironic scene in this play comes in Act III scene 4, which is when Hamlet is with his mother and he hears Polonius shouting, obviously fearing that he is going to visit some harm on Gertrude. Hamlet kills this hidden character thinking he is Claudius, only to discover that it is actually Polonius. Note what he says when he discovers the identity of this person:

Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell.
I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune.
Thou find’st to be too busy is some danger.
What is ironic about this is that Hamlet thought he was killing Claudius, the man he needs to get his revenge on. Instead, he has only killed a "rash, intruding fool" who is in many ways a figure of fun in the play. Also, what adds to the irony is that know Hamlet has just made the parallel between himself and Laertes that much stronger. Both have now had their fathers killed by somebody and both therefore have a right to revenge. Hamlet, through this act of killing, has sown the seeds of both his own destruction and the destruction of Ophelia. Hearing of her father's death, she is driven into madness and kills herself, and when Laertes finds out about what has happened, he returns swiftly to Elsinore to get his revenge on Hamlet, without any of the procrastination that Hamlet himself has displayed. The scene therefore is incredibly ironic, not just because of the mistaken identity, but because of the unintended and unforeseen consequences of that mistaken identity.
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