Wealth is a central theme in The Great Gatsby, shaping the characters' lives and driving the plot. The novel explores the differences between "old money" and "new money," and the impact of wealth on personal relationships and social status. Through characters like Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, Fitzgerald critiques the American Dream and highlights the moral decay hidden beneath the glittering surface of wealth.

Tom Buchanan represents "old money," wealth inherited and not earned. His life is characterized by boredom and a sense of superiority. He is described as a "hulking physical specimen," and his elitism is evident in his dismissive attitude towards others. Tom's wealth allows him to live without purpose, drifting "here and there" in search of excitement. His racist views and adulterous behavior further illustrate the moral corruption that can accompany great wealth.

In contrast, Jay Gatsby embodies "new money," wealth acquired through effort, albeit through dubious means. Gatsby's lavish parties and opulent lifestyle are attempts to win back Daisy Buchanan, his lost love. Despite his wealth, Gatsby remains an outsider to the "old money" elite. His pursuit of wealth is driven by his desire to fulfill the American Dream, yet his tragic end underscores the illusory nature of this dream. Gatsby's story reveals the limitations of wealth in achieving true happiness and acceptance.

The novel also highlights the destructive power of wealth through characters like Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle seeks to escape her life in the Valley of Ashes by associating with Tom Buchanan, believing his wealth can provide a better life. However, she is ultimately seen as a mere object by Tom, illustrating the false promise of wealth as a means to personal fulfillment.

Fitzgerald uses wealth to critique the American Dream, suggesting that it is unattainable for many. The novel portrays wealth as a source of moral decay and social division, rather than a path to happiness. Through the lives of Tom, Gatsby, and Myrtle, The Great Gatsby presents a complex view of wealth, challenging the notion that it leads to success and fulfillment.