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How might Wilson have learned Gatsby's name?
Quick answer:
Wilson learned Gatsby's name from Tom Buchanan. In a confrontation after Myrtle's death, Tom told Wilson that Gatsby owned the car that killed her. Tom, feeling threatened by Wilson's gun and seeking revenge on Gatsby for his affair with Daisy, revealed Gatsby's identity. This act highlights Tom's cowardice and manipulative nature, as he uses Wilson to exact revenge and protect his own interests, reinforcing Nick's view of the Buchanans as careless people.
Nick runs into Tom Buchanan on Fifth Avenue in late October near the end of the novel and initially refuses to shake his hand. Tom tells Nick he is crazy to be upset with him. Nick takes advantage of the chance meeting to ask Tom a question:
"Tom," I inquired, "what did you say to Wilson that afternoon?"
Tom answers that Winston had a revolver in his pocket and was "crazy enough to kill me." As we recall, Tom had stopped for gas driving Gatsby's car earlier on the day Daisy ran over Myrtle. Toying with Wilson, Tom had bragged that the car was his own. Wilson had no reason to think otherwise, and he assumed therefore that Tom was the driver who ran over his wife.
Tom says to Nick that he told Wilson Gatsby was the owner of the car. Tom says defensively that it is "true"...
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it was Gatsby's car and that Gatsby had it coming to be killed. Of course, Tom leaves out the most important truth, which was that Daisy, not Gatsby, was driving the car and killed Myrtle. Tom then bleats about hard all this was on him and that he even cried. At this point Nick observes that Tom and Daisy are careless people.
In The Great Gatsby, how did Wilson learn Gatsby's name?
We find the answer to your question in the final chapter of this incredible novel. Nick meets Tom Buchanan again after Gatsby's death, and asks him outright what he said to Wilson on the afternoon of the murder. The silence that Nick is initially greeted with confirms his suspicions, and then Tom confesses:
"I told him the truth," he said. "He came to the door while we were getting ready to leave, and when I sent down word that we weren't in he tried to force his way upstairs. He was crazy enough to kill me if I hadn't told him who owned the car. His hand was on a revolver in his pocket every minute he was in the house--" He broke of defiantly. "What if I did tell him? That fellow had it coming to him. He threw dust into your eyes just like he did in Daisy's, but he was a tough one. He ran over Myrtle like you'd run over a dog and never even stopped his car."
Note how Tom reveals his true colours in his speech. Although he likes to come across as so strong and arrogant, clearly feeling himself superior to other people, he shows himself to be a coward at this stage and also he confesses that he used Wilson to get his own revenge on Gatsby for what he has done to his marriage and for his own sense of pride at being cuckolded. This only serves to highlight Nick's impression of the Buchanans as the kind of people that break everything they play with, leaving it and going on to their next "toy."