Illustration of Pip visiting a graveyard

Great Expectations

by Charles Dickens

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Student Question

In Great Expectations, how does the light from Joe's forge symbolize light/dark?

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The light from Joe's forge in Great Expectations symbolizes warmth, love, and safety, contrasting sharply with the darkness and coldness of Satis House. As Pip returns home from the gloomy, inhospitable Satis House, Joe's furnace light serves as a beacon of warmth and affection, highlighting the emotional barrenness and superficial relationships at Miss Havisham's residence. This contrast underscores the themes of genuine love versus superficiality and darkness in human relationships.

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Pip's return to Satis House in Chapter XI of Great Expectations is again a dark journey through long, damp, dismal passageways lit only by Estella's candle.  He is led through a courtyard to a gloomy room at the back of the house where he is made to wait by the window until he is summoned.  As he glances out the window, Pip looks upon a neglected garden.  He then notices that there are others in the room with him, but he cannot see anything in the room but the fire shining in the window glass.  Later he understands that the people have come because they are relatives of Miss Havisham and this day is her birthday.  After walking her around and listening to the "toadies," Pip plays cards with a haughty and silent Estella, who later lights the way for him through a passageway until she insults him and slaps him....

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Later, Pip meets a dark, burly man who brusquely speaks to him.  Finally, Estella turns Pip out into the garden where he encounters the pale young gentleman, whom he fights and injures.  After this fight, Estella seems pleased and allows Pip to kiss her.  As he departs Satis House with its dark passageways and toady guests and a dark, mysterious gentleman, Pip remarks,

What with the birthday visitors, and what with the cards, and what with the fight, my stay had lasted so long, that when I neared home the light on the spit of sand off the point on the marshes was gleaming against a black night sky, and Joe's furnace was flinging a path of fire across the road.

It is night as Pip heads towards home, the warm light of Joe's furnace gleams on the marshes, welcoming Pip, symbolizing the love that Pip experiences inside the forge with the warm-hearted Joe.  This image is in sharp contrast to the superciliousness of the Pockets who merely visit Miss Havisham in the hope of receiving some inheritance when she dies.  Joe's beacon of love and light and warmth is in sharp contrast to the dark night which suggests Satis House where only the poor light of Estella's candle pierces the darkness.  Satis House and its rotting garden is a place where no love abounds and Pip is slapped and insulted and finally get to kiss a cheek much like that of a statue.

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