Pip
Philip Pirrip (who shortens his own name to “Pip” as a child) is the narrator and protagonist of the story, an orphan who grows up in humble circumstances with his sister and brother-in-law, only to find himself suddenly endowed with a large sum of money, the “great expectations” of the title. Great Expectations is a bildungsroman—the story of an individual's growth and development within a strict social order, and Pip is the focus of this growth in the novel. Pip is really two characters at once: the protagonist going through the trials of one life, and the grown narrator relating the story of his life. At times, adult Pip offers lighthearted observations on his childish behavior while illustrating the stresses that lead child Pip to react to his world.
One of Pip’s strongest characteristics (and, indeed, one of the central themes of the novel) is his desire for self-improvement. He analyzes the world around him for the best and worst examples of society and emulates the best. Unfortunately, the best examples of society aren’t always the best examples of humanity; Pip the narrator criticizes Pip the protagonist for his narrow-minded treatment of those around him. The young Pip’s desire for self-improvement infringes on the dignity of other characters like Joe and Biddy, although they are kind to him.
Pip is capable of kindness to those he loves, but the influence of Miss Havisham and especially Estella brings out the worst in him as his craving for advancement grows stronger. In effect, the women become the role models for the unhappy “middle” section of the story, and the deeper Pip explores his own social standing, the more miserable he becomes. He seems to rally when he inherits a mysterious fortune, but when he discovers the money came from the convict Magwitch and not Miss Havisham, his narrow view of the world and its rules crumbles. Magwitch is hardly the refined gentleman Pip has come to expect as a benefactor, but it is he who appreciated Pip’s kindness early on and rewards it in the end.
Ultimately, Pip is a sympathetic character and a fairly reliable narrator, with whom the reader usually identifies. His sensitivity and romantic nature often lead him astray, and in allowing Miss Havisham and Estella to shape his attitudes to those around him, Pip's earnest desire for self-improvement sometimes takes the form of snobbery. However, Pip gains self-knowledge and a sense of proportion over the course of the novel, maturing into the realization that status is meaningless without humanity. His behavior as a “gentleman” has caused pain to those he loved the most, and the now-mature Pip uses the novel to pay tribute to their undeserved respect of him.
Expert Q&A
What do the marshes symbolize for Pip in Great Expectations?
In Great Expectations, the marshes symbolize emptiness and danger for Pip. They are associated with his early life as a poor orphan, reflecting the void in his life and the desire for something greater. The misty and mysterious marshes also represent danger, as Pip encounters convicts there, foreshadowing future challenges. As he transitions to becoming a gentleman, the marshes symbolize the moral and ethical dangers he faces in his journey.
What are three expectations Pip has of his anonymous benefactor in Great Expectations?
Pip, upon learning of his impending fortune, has several expectations of his anonymous benefactor. First, he assumes that Miss Havisham is his benefactor and expects her to "make his fortune on a grand scale." Second, he anticipates maintaining his friendship with Joe despite their future class differences. Lastly, Pip subconsciously expects to feel lonely and sorrowful, missing the familiar life and people he has known, despite his excitement about the future.
Why did Pip return home the day after Joe's visit to London?
Pip returned home the day after Joe's visit to London out of guilt for his rude behavior towards Joe. Although he intended to apologize, his main motivation was to see Estella, as Joe passed on her message. Despite visiting his childhood village, Pip stayed at the inn and focused on Estella, ultimately neglecting Joe. He later sent Joe a codfish and oysters as an apology for not visiting him.
In Great Expectations, what does Pip receive at 21, and how does he use it?
At 21, Pip receives a large sum from his benefactor, transitioning from a periodic allowance to managing his own funds. He uses some of this money to secretly finance a career for his friend Herbert Pocket as a clerk, reflecting Pip's underlying generosity despite his urban lifestyle. Later, Pip asks Miss Havisham to take over Herbert's wages after discovering his benefactor's identity and accumulating debt, revealing Herbert as Miss Havisham's true beneficiary.
Pip and Estella's Evolving Relationship in Great Expectations
Pip and Estella's relationship in Great Expectations is complex and evolves significantly throughout the novel. Initially, Estella treats Pip with disdain, viewing him as a "common boy," while Pip is infatuated with her despite her insults. As they grow, Pip becomes obsessed with the idea of marrying Estella, mistakenly believing it's Miss Havisham's plan. Estella, trained to be heartless, marries Drummle, but their marriage fails. By the end, both characters mature, recognizing their authentic selves and the importance of their friendship, though their future together remains uncertain. This relationship underscores the novel's themes of illusion, self-deception, and personal growth.
Character Analysis of Pip in Great Expectations
Pip in Great Expectations is a dynamic character who evolves from an innocent and naive boy into a gentleman with greater self-awareness. Initially, he is ashamed of his humble origins and aspires to become a gentleman to win Estella's love. Over time, he learns the value of loyalty and humility, recognizing the true worth of characters like Joe and Magwitch.
The three stages of Pip's expectations and what they teach us in Great Expectations
The three stages of Pip's expectations in Great Expectations illustrate his growth and moral development. Initially, Pip desires wealth and social status, believing it will bring happiness. In the second stage, he gains wealth but realizes it causes him inner turmoil and alienation. Finally, he learns that true contentment comes from loyalty, humility, and love, not material wealth.
Pip and Joe's Relationship and Values in Great Expectations
In Great Expectations, the relationship between Pip and Joe Gargery evolves significantly. Initially, Joe is a protective, fatherly figure to Pip, shielding him from his sister's abuse and offering love and companionship. As Pip gains wealth and status, he becomes ashamed of Joe's humble background and distances himself. However, when Pip falls ill and is financially ruined, Joe cares for him without resentment, demonstrating unconditional love and forgiveness. Through Joe, Pip learns the value of true character over social status, ultimately recognizing Joe as a true gentleman.
Pip's encounter and actions in the graveyard in Great Expectations
In Great Expectations, Pip's encounter in the graveyard involves meeting an escaped convict named Magwitch, who frightens Pip into stealing food and a file to aid in his escape. This encounter sets the stage for significant events in Pip's life, influencing his future and his understanding of wealth and gentility.
Pip's Evolution, Expectations, and Journey in Great Expectations
Pip's journey in Great Expectations reflects significant personal evolution. Initially, Pip feels ashamed of his humble origins after encountering Estella and Miss Havisham, desiring to become a gentleman. His Christmas Eve dilemma highlights his moral conflict between fear of the convict and guilt over stealing. By Chapter 19, Pip's hopes are buoyed by news of his "great expectations," but this is marred by underlying discontent. Later, revelations about his benefactor challenge his dreams, prompting self-reflection. His first impression of London is one of disappointment, contrasting his romanticized expectations with the city's grim reality.
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