Gravity's Rainbow

by Thomas Pynchon

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Characters

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Tyrone Slothrop

Tyrone Slothrop is a lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the waning days of World War II, stationed in England. Considered the novel's central character, he embarks on a peculiar mission to identify the launch sites of the V-2 rockets assaulting England and to locate a new, even more devastating rocket, the A4. The search takes him across Europe, from the French Riviera to Switzerland, ultimately leading him to post-war Germany, referred to as the “Zone.” Unbeknownst to him, Slothrop was conditioned as an infant by the behaviorist Dr. Laszlo Jamf, whose experiments involved the synthetic plastic Imipolex G. This conditioning becomes the basis of Ned Pointsman's subsequent manipulations. Throughout his journey, Slothrop remains largely unaware of the forces manipulating him. He eventually escapes Pointsman’s control and drifts through Europe under various disguises, losing his distinctiveness as he assimilates into the landscape, a fate reminiscent of the Egyptian god Osiris. His story ends ambiguously as his identity disperses, leaving his ultimate fate unknown.

Slothrop's journey is marked by paranoia, promiscuity, and a series of identities, including the film star Max Schlepzig, the reporter Ian Scuffling, and the superhero Rocketman. His mission is entwined with an obsessive search for the mysterious Schwarzgerät and the truth behind his childhood conditioning. Slothrop's quest parallels that of Weissmann’s, as both characters’ paths slowly converge amid the chaos of post-war Europe. His ancestors were Puritan New Englanders, and Slothrop often reflects on this heritage as he navigates the complex web of conspiracies surrounding him.

Captain Weissmann (Blicero)

Captain Weissmann, also known as Blicero, is a German officer deeply involved in the project to create the A4 rocket. Despite his unimposing physical presence, he is a formidable figure, obsessed with death and destruction. Blicero’s relationships are characterized by sadism, including his involvement with the African Enzian, the young soldier Gottfried, and the spy Katje Borgesius. As the war nears its end, he launches the A4 rocket with Gottfried aboard as a dire symbol of his own death-worshipping ideology. Blicero's actions and ideologies epitomize the destructive spirit of the Nazi regime. In a disturbing ritual, he sacrifices Gottfried, viewing it as a form of transcendence. The novel hints at his survival post-war, possibly in the United States, symbolizing the continuation of his dark legacy.

Critics often interpret Blicero as a representation of death itself, seeking control and annihilation much like the very rockets he oversees. He also embodies the political extremities of the Nazi regime, connecting his personal sadism to the broader horrors of the Holocaust. His name, Weissmann, translates to "white man," underlining his role in perpetuating white supremacist ideology. Katje Borgesius, one of his slaves along with Gottfried, describes his appearance as dominated by yellow, rotten teeth, further emphasizing his menacing aura.

Roger Mexico

Roger Mexico is a British mathematician and officer characterized by his belief in chance and the unpredictability of human life. He stands in stark contrast to the behaviorist Ned Pointsman, opposing his deterministic worldview. Known for his sense of humor and romantic entanglement with Jessica Swanlake, Roger emerges as one of the more relatable characters. Despite losing Jessica to a more conventional partner, Roger continues to rebel against the repressive forces symbolized by Pointsman, striving to protect Slothrop from their manipulations. His narrative arc reflects a personal struggle against the deterministic forces that seek to control human behavior. Roger's love for Jessica is sincere yet ultimately unsustainable, highlighting the transient nature of wartime relationships.

Ned Pointsman

Ned Pointsman is a British scientist and fervent advocate of behaviorism, directing the "White Visitation," a covert research hub focused on psychological warfare....

(This entire section contains 1554 words.)

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A disciple of Pavlov, Pointsman believes in the absolute control of human behavior via conditioning. He exploits Slothrop’s childhood conditioning as a tool in his own quest to locate the elusive rocket, hoping this discovery will secure him a Nobel Prize. However, his plans unravel as Slothrop evades his grasp, leading to Pointsman's professional downfall. Obsessed with the belief that Slothrop's conditioned responses can predict V-2 rocket strikes, Pointsman's ambitions are ultimately thwarted, leaving him disgraced and isolated.

Geoffrey “Pirate” Prentice

Geoffrey “Pirate” Prentice, a captain in the British Army, is a skilled secret agent with a unique ability to live out others' fantasies. This talent is highly prized by British espionage. Tasked with recovering remains of V-2 rockets, Pirate is deeply involved in efforts to counteract the German threat. He manages Katje Borgesius, a spy embedded with Weissmann, using her insights until she defects back to England. Acknowledging the moral ambiguity of their actions, Pirate and Katje join the Counterforce, a group opposed to the forces that once manipulated them. His narrative is a study in the complexities of espionage and the moral conflicts inherent in such work.

Katje Borgesius

Katje Borgesius is a complex Dutch spy and lover intricately woven into the web of manipulation orchestrated by Pointsman and Weissmann. Initially Blicero's slave alongside Gottfried, she later becomes a key player in Pointsman's plan to control Slothrop, seducing him to maintain his involvement in the rocket search. Yet, she subtly aids Slothrop in regaining his autonomy, hinting at the conspiracy against him. After recognizing her own culpability, Katje joins the Counterforce, seeking redemption and new purpose beyond the war’s end. Her motivations remain enigmatic, with implications of deeper connections to Enzian and other elements of the resistance.

Enzian

Enzian, a native of Southwest Africa and leader of the "Zone Hereros," serves in the German army. Born to a Herero woman and a Russian sailor, Enzian was once Blicero's lover. As his tribe faces division between self-annihilation and repatriation goals, Enzian leads a quest for rocket parts, aiming to construct an A4 as a symbol of unity. Despite the ambiguity surrounding their success, Enzian's journey represents a struggle for identity and survival amid post-war chaos. His narrative is interwoven with Tchitcherine, his half-brother, adding layers of familial tension and historical reflection.

Jessica Swanlake

Jessica Swanlake, a member of the British WAAF, embodies the romantic and transient nature of wartime relationships. Her passionate affair with Roger Mexico reflects the complexities of love amidst the backdrop of war. However, as the conflict concludes, Jessica opts for stability over passion, leaving Roger for her husband, Jeremy Swanlake. Her decision highlights the shifting priorities and inevitable choices faced by individuals as they transition from war to peace.

Franz Pökler

Franz Pökler, a German rocket scientist, becomes entangled in the machinations of Blicero, who manipulates him through his daughter Ilse, held as leverage. Assigned to the development of the A4, Pökler suffers under the emotional strain of his captivity, allowed annual visits with a girl claimed to be Ilse. His role is emblematic of the broader human cost embedded within the technological advancements of war. After the war, Pökler finds a semblance of peace, living in the ruins of a children's village, though the trauma of his experiences lingers.

Leni Pökler

Leni Pökler, Franz’s wife and a committed Communist, separates from him as the Nazis rise to power. She endures the horrors of a concentration camp with their daughter, reemerging in post-war Germany, where she becomes a prostitute under the alias Solange. Her story is one of resilience amidst adversity, reflecting the personal and political upheavals of the era.

Vaslav Tchitcherine

Vaslav Tchitcherine, a Soviet espionage agent, is Enzian's half-brother and an unconventional presence within Soviet intelligence. His mystical experience in Siberia adds to his enigmatic nature. Driven by a vendetta against Enzian, he pursues the super rocket, yet fails to recognize his brother when they finally meet. Geli Tripping, a witch and Tchitcherine’s lover, casts a spell that prevents their confrontation, underscoring the surreal and unpredictable nature of their relationship.

Major Duane Marvy

Major Duane Marvy, a crude and ruthless American officer, represents American interests in capturing German technology and scientists post-war. His encounters with Slothrop are marked by hostility, stemming from fundamental differences in character. Marvy’s attempts to kill Slothrop are thwarted by chance and Slothrop's evasive maneuvers. Ultimately, Marvy’s story culminates in an ironic twist, as he is mistaken for Slothrop by Pointsman’s operatives and castrated, a fate intended for Slothrop.

Geli Tripping

Geli Tripping, a captivating German witch, offers refuge and affection to Slothrop during his travels. Her true affections lie with Tchitcherine, whom she shields from his own destructive obsession through her mystical abilities. Geli’s role as an intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds highlights the novel’s exploration of mysticism and the unknown.

Seaman Bodine

Seaman Bodine, an American sailor with distinctive features, aids Slothrop in his escape from military police in Cuxhaven. He later assists Roger Mexico in disrupting a dinner party hosted by German and British Fascists, showcasing his inclination towards irreverence and rebellion. Bodine’s involvement with Slothrop underscores his embodiment of a necessary and unrefined vulgarity, a counterbalance to the oppressive forces at play.

Greta Erdmann

Greta Erdmann, a former German film star, engages in a tumultuous relationship with Slothrop amidst the ruins of Berlin. A participant in the darker aspects of the entertainment industry, Greta is driven by a search for her daughter Bianca. Her narrative intersects with themes of exploitation and personal redemption as she grapples with her past actions and their impact on her family.

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