The Gift Outright

by Robert Frost

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Student Question

What is the consonance and assonance in the poem "The Gift Outright"?

Quick answer:

In "The Gift Outright," consonance is used through the repetition of the "p" sound in "Possessing what we still were unpossessed by," creating a harsh tone that reflects the speaker's feelings of grievance about past English possession. Assonance appears with the "ou" diphthong in "Until we found out that it was ourselves," producing a slow, calm tone that mirrors the speaker's soothing reflection on Americans claiming their land.

Expert Answers

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Consonance can be defined as the repetition of similar sounding consonant letters, and it is often used to create a harsh or soft tone, depending on the sounds of the consonants that are repeated. Assonance can be defined as the repetition of similar sounding vowels, and is, likewise, often used as a means of creating a certain tone.

In Robert Frost's "The Gift Outright," there is an example of consonance in the following lines:

Possessing what we still were unpossessed by,
Possessed by what we now no more possessed.
The repetition of the letter "p" in these lines creates a blunt, harsh tone, implying perhaps that the speaker feels aggrieved by the memory of being "possessed" by the English, and by the idea of not possessing the land that was rightfully theirs to possess.
An example of assonance can be found in these lines:
Until we found out that it was ourselves
We were withholding from our land of living,
And forthwith found salvation in surrender.
Such as we were we gave ourselves outright
In these lines, Frost repeats the "ou" diphthong (a diphthong is the name for the sound produced by two consecutive vowels) seven times. This "ou" sound is a long, drawn out sound, and its repetition here creates a slow, calm tone, which echoes the calmness of the speaker at this point in the poem. Indeed, at this point in the poem, the speaker is reflecting on the collective insurgence of the American people to take possession of the land that was rightfully theirs. This is a memory which the speaker seems to find much more soothing than the aforementioned memory of being dispossessed by the English.

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