What is the most significant word in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein in terms of its thematic importance?
One thematically significant term is "Adam." From the quote on the first page from Milton's Paradise Lost, Shelley is asking the reader to compare the story of Adam and Eve with that of the Creature. He is certainly an Adam figure in his relationship with his scientist creator, though their relationship is more of a darker take on the biblical narrative.
Frankenstein fashions his Creature much like God fashions the first man, Adam, but unlike God, Frankenstein abandons his creation even before he has a chance to fall from grace. Frankenstein does not give the Creature care, love, or even a mate, unlike the Old Testament God who does not deny Adam these things. As the Creature points out:
Like Adam, I was apparently united by no link to any other being in existence; but his state was far different from mine in every other respect. He had...
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come forth from the hands of God a perfect creature, happy and prosperous, guarded by the especial care of his Creator; he was allowed to converse with and acquire knowledge from beings of a superior nature, but I was wretched, helpless, and alone.
The Creature initially sees himself as Adam, but once he gets his hands on a copy of Milton's Paradise Lost, he identifies more with Satan, the rebellious fallen angel, even telling his creator, "I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel." Unlike Adam, whose disobedience was born of ignorance and greed, the Creature lashes out against his creator due to hatred from being abandoned by him. Like Adam, he is lonely and yearns for a mate to love and be loved by.
His isolation seems to be his greatest pain and the very thing which leads to his fall from innocence. The Creature lays that out plainly to his creator in Chapter 24:
Once my fancy was soothed with dreams of virtue, of fame, and of enjoyment. Once I falsely hoped to meet with beings who, pardoning my outward form, would love me for the excellent qualities which I was capable of unfolding. I was nourished with high thoughts of honor and devotion. But now crime has degraded me beneath the meanest animal. No guilt, no mischief, no malignity, no misery, can be found comparable to mine. When I run over the frightful catalogue of my sins, I cannot believe that I am the same creature whose thoughts were once filled with sublime and transcendent visions of the beauty and the majesty of goodness. But it is even so; the fallen angel becomes a malignant devil. Yet even that enemy of God and man had friends and associates in his desolation; I am alone.
In his solitude, the Creature feels that like Adam, he has been expelled from a Paradise, only for him, Paradise is not a place but a state of belonging. He envies humans like the family in the woods, who live in poverty but have one another to cling to in their suffering. Even the end of Paradise Lost has Adam and Eve holding hands as they walk out of Eden, cut off from direct communication with God but still having one another.
So "Adam" would be a good choice. It sums up the Creature's place in the narrative and his relationship with Frankenstein, and it can be connected to the many allusions to Milton within the story.
This is quite a profound question. I would simply use the word 'monster'. Ii would then be appropriate to consider the use of the word 'monster' by Victor, and whether the scientist deserves the epithet more than his creation.
An exploration of chapter 5, where the creature comes to life, could provide a context for close analysis.
I beheld the wretch—the miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks.
In this passage we see Victor facing his creation and its attempts to smile and communicate with him. It is Victor's callous actions as he rejects the new being he has made which mean he is more deserving of the term 'monster' than the being he imbued with the term.
Frankenstein is ashamed and embarrassed by his creation largely because of its ungainly appearance. This shows the scientist to be shallow in the extreme. Here he seeks to conceal the being from Henry Clerval
I dreaded to behold this monster; but I feared still more that Henry should see him.
He is so terrified by his own work that he imagines it overwhelming him - a foreshadowing of future events:
I imagined that the monster seized me; I struggled furiously, and fell down in a fit.
Victor, the giver of life, becomes incapacitated by the enormity of his responsibility and has to be nursed back to health; all the time brooding on his creation:
The form of the monster on whom I had bestowed existence was forever before my eyes, and I raved incessantly concerning him.