In addition to his several volumes of verse collected by R. Bettarini and G. Contini in a critical edition, L’opera in versi, Eugenio Montale wrote the obliquely autobiographical short stories of Farfalla di Dinard (1956; Butterfly of Dinard, 1971). His critical essays on literature were collected by G. Zampa in Sulla poesia (1976; on poetry) and those on broadly cultural or social topics in Auto da fé (1966). To them should be added the travelogues and interviews of Fuori di casa (1969; abroad), which arose from the practice of journalism, and the musical reviews posthumously reprinted in book form: Prime alla Scala (1981; premieres at La Scala), edited by G. Lavezzi. The revealing intellectual diary of 1917, Quaderno genovese (wr. 1917, pb. 1983), also deserves mention.

Eugenio Montale won the Premio dell’Antico Fattore (1932), the Premio Manzotto (1956), Italy’s Dante Medal (1959), the Feltrinelli Prize from the Accademia dei Lincei (1963, 1964), Paris’s Calouite Bulbenkian Prize (1971), and honorary degrees from the Universities of Milan, Rome, Cambridge, Basel, and Nice. In 1967, he was named senator of the Italian Republic. In 1975, he won the coveted Nobel Prize in Literature.

Brook, Clodagh J. The Expression of the Inexpressible in Eugenio Montale’s Poetry: Metaphor, Negation, and Silence. New York: Clarendon Press, 2002. Locating Montale firmly within European modernism, this book examines the struggle with language that is central to his work. In its unraveling of the inexpressibility paradox, Brook offers his reading of Montale’s early verse and discusses ways in which Montale gives insight into both his poetics and the whole process of expression.

Cambon, Glauco. Eugenio Montale’s Poetry: A Dream in Reason’s Presence. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. A critical assessment of Montale’s career as a poet. Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Cary, Joseph. Three Modern Italian Poets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Cary presents striking biographical portraits and provides an understanding of the works of Umberto Saba, Giuseppe Ungaretti, and Eugenio Montale. In addition, Cary guides readers through the first few, difficult decades of twentieth century Italy. Includes chronological tables, bibliography.

Galassi, Jonathan, trans. Collected Poems, 1920-1954, by Eugenio Montale. 1998. Bilingual ed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000. President of the Academy of American Poets Galassi presents useful notes along with his translations of some of the most important of Montale’s poems from Cuttlefish Bones, The Occasions, and The Storm, and Other Poems.

Huffman, Claire Licari. Montale and the Occasions of Poetry. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983. A collection of the author’s essays and lectures about Montale’s life and works. Includes bibliographical references and index.

West, Rebecca. Eugenio Montale: Poet on the Edge. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981. The well-known novelist’s critical interpretations of some of Montale’s major works. Includes bibliographic references and an index.