CRITICISM

Bowman, Glenn. “Christian Ideology and the Image of the Holy Land: The Place of Jerusalem Pilgrimage in the Various Christianities.” In Contesting the Sacred: The Anthropology of Christian Pilgrimage, edited by John Eade and Michael J. Sallnow, pp. 98-121. London: Routledge, 1991.

Compares the perspectives and practices of Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant pilgrims to the Holy Land.

———. “‘Mapping History's Redemption’: Eschatology and Topography in the Itinerarium Burdigalense.” In Jerusalem: Its Sanctity and Centrality to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, edited by Lee I. Levine, pp. 163-87. New York: Continuum, 1999.

Analyzes Christian symbolism in the travelogue of the Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333), the model for Egeria's own Itinerarium Egeriae.

Duchesne, L. “Order of the Offices at Jerusalem towards the End of the Fourth Century.” In Christian Worship, Its Origins and Evolution: A Study of the Latin Liturgy up to the Time of Charlemagne, translated by M. L. McClure, pp. 491-523. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1931.

Translation of excerpts from the Itinerarium Egeriae preceded by a brief introduction to the work.

Elm, Susanna. “Perceptions of Jerusalem Pilgrimage as Reflected in Two Early Sources on Female Pilgrimage (3rd and 4th centuries a.d.).” Studia Patristica 20 (1989): 219-23.

Discusses possible references by Athanasius of Alexandria and Firmilian of Caesarea to women pilgrims whose journeys to Jerusalem may have preceded Egeria's by up to 150 years.

Frank, Georgia. “Pilgrims and the Eye of Faith.” In The Memory of the Eyes: Pilgrims to Living Saints in Christian Late Antiquity, pp. 102-33. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

Focuses on the vocabulary of vision and sight employed in the travelogues of Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land.

Hunt, E. D. Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire ad 312-460. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 269 p.

Study of Christian pilgrimage in late antiquity that includes scattered references to Egeria.

Johnson, Maxwell E. “Reconciling Cyril and Egeria on the Catechetical Process in Fourth-Century Jerusalem.” In Essays in Early Easter Initiation, edited by Paul F. Bradshaw, pp. 18-30. Bramcote, England.: Grove Books Limited, 1988.

Contends that, despite certain discrepancies in their respective accounts, Egeria and Cyril of Jerusalem (fl. mid-fourth century) were “witness to what is, essentially, the same Jerusalem liturgical pattern of catechesis in slightly different historical contexts.”

Oden, Amy. “Egeria, Pilgrimage (404-417).” In In Her Words: Women's Writings in the History of Christian Thought, edited by Amy Oden, pp. 74-83. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1994.

Reprints selected, brief passages of the Itinerarium Egeriae in English translation preceded by a brief introduction.

Sivan, Hagith. “Who Was Egeria? Piety and Pilgrimage in the Age of Gratian.” Harvard Theology Review 81, no. 1 (1988): 59-72.

Summarizes what is known of Egeria as recorded in the writings of the seventh-century Galician monk Valerius.

Spitzer, Leo. “The Epic Style of the Pilgrim Aetheria.” Comparative Literature 1, no. 3 (summer 1949): 225-58.

Stylistic analysis of the Itinerarium Egeriae as an idealized account composed for the spiritual edification of its intended audience.

Srawley, J. H. “The Liturgy in Palestine and Syria.” In The Early History of the Liturgy, pp. 73-101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947.

Includes discussion of the Jerusalem liturgy as witnessed by Egeria and Cyril of Jerusalem.

Weber, Clifford. “Egeria's Norman Homeland.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 92 (1989): 437-56.

Offers evidence to support the claim that Egeria was from northwestern Gaul rather than Galicia.

Wilkinson, John. “Jewish Holy Places and the Origins of Christian Pilgrimage.” In The Blessings of Pilgrimage, edited by Robert Ousterhout, pp. 41-53. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

Traces the origins of Christian pilgrimage as far back as the early third century, mentioning Egeria's visits to several Old and New Testament sites.

———. Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 2002, 225 p.

Studies nineteen accounts of pilgrimages to Jerusalem between 385 and 1099.

Winters, Margaret E. “Steps toward the Romance Passive Inferrable from the Itinerarium Egeriae.” Romance Philology 37, no. 4 (May 1984): 445-54.

Examines a change in Late Latin syntactic forms using data from the Itinerarium Egeriae.

Young, Serinity. “Egeria—Account of Her Pilgrimage.” In An Anthology of Sacred Texts by and about Women, edited by Serinity Young, pp. 51-2. New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 1993.

Reprints two brief translated passages from the Itinerarium Egeriae regarding Egeria's arrival at the summit of Mount Sinai and her return from the mountain.