soldier crawling on hands and knees through a trench under a cloud of poisonous gas with dead soldiers in the foreground and background

Dulce et Decorum Est

by Wilfred Owen

Start Free Trial

Student Question

In "Dulce et Decorum Est," what is the meaning of "hag" in line 2?

Quick answer:

In "Dulce et Decorum Est," the term "hag" in line 2 describes the soldiers as decrepit and unattractive, akin to old women, undermining the expected image of brave, noble soldiers. This depiction emphasizes their dehumanization and exhaustion, contrasting sharply with the poem's title. Such imagery supports the poem's theme, challenging the notion that it is glorious to die for one's country.

Expert Answers

An illustration of the letter 'A' in a speech bubbles

One of the definite strengths of this poem is the way that it sets us up with definite expectations about what to expect because of its title, and then presents us with the exact opposite. With such a title, we expect a poem exploring the glory of soldiers and their bravery as they commit valiant deeds. However, note how soldiers are presented in the first two lines of the poem:

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge...

The brave and noble soldiers we expect to meet are presented as dehumanised wrecks of human beings, with descriptive words such as "old beggars" and "knock-kneed" presenting them as old men, already half-dead. "Hag" is a term used to describe a very old woman who is normally not very attractive, so this word adds to the presentation of the soldiers. Of course, such descriptive words help convey the theme of the poem: that it is anything but sweet and noble to die for your country.

Get Ahead with eNotes

Start your 48-hour free trial to access everything you need to rise to the top of the class. Enjoy expert answers and study guides ad-free and take your learning to the next level.

Get 48 Hours Free Access
Approved by eNotes Editorial