Robert Louis Stevenson's work has often been misperceived as mere children's literature, overshadowing the depth and complexity of his narratives. His ability to capture the essence of childhood while exploring profound psychological themes highlights his skill as a writer. In "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," Stevenson delves into the ambiguities of human nature through a gripping narrative that challenges young readers to contemplate the duality within themselves.

The Romance of Duality

"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" is categorized as a serious romance, a genre traditionally aimed at instructing the young about human nature. Stevenson transcends the typical boundaries of romance by weaving a story that presents the complexity of adult life through a lens that resonates with youth. By exploring the duality inherent in human nature, Stevenson crafts a thriller that invites readers to question the interplay between the reasonable self and the shadow self—the evil twin or Doppelgänger—that exists within everyone.

Jekyll and Hyde: Two Sides of the Same Coin

The core of the novel lies in the relationship between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, two manifestations of the same person. Jekyll's existence facilitates the rise of Hyde, a being Jekyll has suppressed for over two decades until a potion brings him to the forefront. Initially, Hyde's actions, such as the callous trampling of a child, reflect an absence of conscience. However, as Hyde grows stronger, he evolves into a creature defined by cruelty and a deep-seated animosity towards Jekyll.

Jekyll attempts to distance himself from Hyde by engaging in altruistic deeds and contemplating the destruction of Hyde. Despite his efforts, Hyde's influence grows, ultimately seizing control. Jekyll's inability to accept the futility of separating his dual nature leads them both to a tragic end, as Hyde's suicide results in the destruction of both identities.

Narrative Perspectives and Themes

Stevenson enriches the theme of ambiguity and the unknowable nature of the self by presenting the story through various perspectives. The friendship between Enfield, the initial narrator, and Utterson is enigmatic, with their stark differences serving as a backdrop to the narrative. Their regular walks through foggy London symbolize the motif of duality, and their reactions to Edward Hyde further highlight differing perceptions. Enfield treats the mystery of Hyde as a mere tale, whereas Utterson is deeply troubled by it.

For Dr. Lanyon, who shares a closer association with Jekyll, the revelation of Jekyll's dual identity proves fatal, emphasizing the perilous nature of uncovering one's true self. Through these contrasting viewpoints, Stevenson underscores the complex layers of human identity, illustrating that understanding the self is fraught with peril and uncertainty.

Jekyll-and-Hyde: Beyond Split Personality

The term "Jekyll-and-Hyde" has transcended its origin in Stevenson's tale to become synonymous with split personality. However, the narrative delves deeper, portraying Jekyll’s internal struggle as reflective of a universal human conflict. Stevenson presents an extreme scenario through Jekyll and Hyde, urging young readers to comprehend the inherent duality within themselves and the danger of denying this aspect of human nature.