Literary Techniques
The narrative style of Dolores Claiborne is distinctly postmodern. The entire book unfolds as a continuous monologue in Dolores's voice, as if transcribed from an audio recording solely capturing her words. There are no shifts to third person, no chapter breaks, and no direct dialogue from other characters, except through Dolores's recounting. Although the police presumably interject with questions and requests for clarification, readers must piece together their inquiries solely from Dolores's uninterrupted narrative. Unlike a stream-of-consciousness novel or an interior monologue, this is an exterior monologue where the character literally speaks herself into existence, though on the printed page. This extraordinary voice unravels the historical causes and consequences, her struggles, actions, and pain. Through her voice, King indirectly achieves his social critique by staging the presence of others.
The narrative logic of this dual story is that to avoid prosecution for Vera's death, Dolores confesses to her husband's demise. While this initially seems irrational, these intricately connected events form two parts of a single narrative. Dolores summarizes at Vera's death that her tale is about "how sometimes bad men have accidents [both Joe and Michael Donovan] and good women turn into bitches [both Dolores and Vera]." These two stories are parallel and intertwined. By admitting to Joe's murder and highlighting Vera's suffering, Dolores aims to prevent the erosion of her sanity from leading a double life—a duplicity that destroyed Vera.
Dolores structures her narrative by beginning in the middle, reflecting on the past, and reaching a climax with the descriptions of Joe's and then Vera's deaths. While Vera's death is recounted with factual details and her emotional reactions to Vera's final trick, Joe's death is depicted in a dramatic fashion, filled with horrific details and unsettling flashbacks.
This novel is the shortest, least supernatural, and among King's finest works. The story is cleverly and uniquely plotted; the style mirrors a colloquial Maine dialect, with sudden bursts of emotion juxtaposed with understatement and unspoken thoughts, consistent with the nuances of a relatively provincial yet perceptive human voice. Dolores's candid recollection of the past, intertwined with self-discovery, resonates with pain, tranquility, and resolution. The novel suggests that a male writer can indeed portray a female psyche and her authentic voice with compassion.
Literary Precedents
The storyline of Dolores Claiborne is fairly conventional; Joe's murder aligns with the typical themes found in mainstream fiction involving marital violence, murder, and justifiable homicide. Vera's death from falling down the stairs is also a familiar trope. However, the plot becomes intriguing with the twist of the maid agreeing to finish her off with a rolling pin, only to be caught before doing so. The combination of domestic violence, an accidental household death, and attempted euthanasia is certainly distinctive.
King's storytelling approach does away with the "Dear Reader" authorial voice or an all-knowing third-person narrator. The storyteller's voice is central—it is the narrative itself. Critic Roland Barthes talks about "speakerly texts" and "writerly texts." Speakerly texts, much like oral narratives, rely heavily on the voice and persona of the narrator. These texts have a unique connection with the audience, as the reader must actively engage by filling in the gaps, effectively becoming a coauthor and shaping the story's meaning. Readers need to construct context from her words, infer the sheriff's questions, visualize other characters through Dolores's descriptions, and piece together the narrative's action suggested in the final newspaper articles.
Oral storytelling is one of the oldest narrative forms. Many modern postmodern works aim to obscure their written nature by creating the impression of a voice emerging from a sparsely lit and minimally furnished stage—where the captivating and realistic sound of a human voice, the origin of all stories, is all that exists. Yet, Dolores Claiborne can also be likened to genres and authors experimenting with alternative narrative forms.
In contrast, numerous novels and short stories incorporate significant monologue sections or feature a series of monologists. This can be seen in the short stories of Grace Paley and Saul Bellow, as well as in the novels of William Faulkner. Whether the monologist is fictional or real doesn't affect the approach to the text. This novel could also be compared to genres characterized by a unique voice and a specific rhetorical purpose, such as personal narratives, confessional literature, autobiographies, slave narratives, Holocaust survivor accounts, or women's diaries and letters. For instance, in Elizabeth Dewberry Vaughn's Many Things Have Happened Since He Died, a woman recounts her life story (similar to Dolores's) into a tape recorder, resembling a confession or legal statement. This literary technique highlights the novel's emphasis on the spoken word.
Adaptations
In 1995, Taylor Hackford directed the film Dolores Claiborne, adapted for the screen by Tony Gilroy from the novel. The movie has been likened to a 19th-century gaslight melodrama, featuring a sneering police officer portrayed by Christopher Plummer, a villainous husband played by David Strathairn, and a troubled daughter played by Jennifer Jason Leigh. However, Kathy Bates's portrayal of Dolores is far from a helpless victim tied to railroad tracks. Her performance in the film is described as "sweet and fierce, hesitant and determined... brushing aside the calculations of the story with the sheer force of her humanity."