illustrated outline of a person's head with a red thumbprint on the forehead with an outline of the devil behind

The Devil and Tom Walker

by Washington Irving

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Student Question

Where can a metaphor be found in "The Devil and Tom Walker"?

Quick answer:

In "The Devil and Tom Walker," metaphors include the description of Tom's wife as a "tall termagant," symbolizing her aggressive nature, and the trees chopped by the devil, which are outwardly impressive but inwardly rotten, symbolizing the corrupt men of the town. Another metaphor is the transformation of Tom's possessions into worthless remnants, representing the ultimate ruin of his life due to his greed and moral decay.

Expert Answers

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How's this?
"Tom's wife was a tall termagant."
A termagant is "a violent, turbulent, or brawling woman.
or
When Tom sticks his walking stick into the ground he finds a human skull with an Indian tomahawk buried in it. One sentence later, Irving writes, "It [the skull imbedded with the tomahawk] was a dreary momento . . ."
or
The devil says to Tom " I am the wild huntsman in some countries; the black miner in others."

There is also a simile, which is a form metaphor:
Tom is described as pick his way through the forest "like a cat."

Another example is simile and personification, also a form of metaphor:
"He [Tom] arrived at a firm piece of ground. . .like a peninsula into the deep bosom of the swamp."

Hope these help.

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Perhaps what you are seeking here is a "physical" metaphor. For instance, the trees that the devil is chopping down are all very impressive on their outsides, but rotten on the inside. This "rottenness" is a metaphor for the big-shot men of the town itself: They are all very flashy outwardly, but inwardly, they are "rotten" or evil. This type of symbolism was very popular during the time of Irving, Hawthorne, and Poe.

Another metaphor occurs at the end, when Tom's horses become skeletons, his riches turn to wood chips and shavings, and his house burns. The symbolism, or metaphor, that is seen here is the ruin and decimation of Tom's life itself. All that is left is worthless. 

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