Laozi, the legendary sage behind the cryptic sayings of the Dao De Jing, introduces us to the Dao, a concept representing ultimate reality. This eternal Dao, however, transcends any attempt at naming or describing it. It can only be hinted at through evocative images that capture its boundless and mysterious creative power. The Dao resembles water: nurturing and sustaining life, perpetually in motion, yet it remains passive and makes no effort to control.

Although the essence of the Dao remains beyond human comprehension, its presence can be discerned in the natural unfolding of events. By shedding our selfish desires and fears, and embracing the world as it is, we can mirror the Dao and uncover within ourselves De—our natural virtue and moral strength. Those aligned with the Dao give to others selflessly and effortlessly, without imposing control over their actions. They embody qualities of modesty, flexibility, tolerance, impartiality, and patience. Such sages lead simple, tranquil lives, practicing the principle of wu-wei, which means to act without effort and achieve goals without preoccupation with rewards or outcomes.

Emerging during the tumultuous "Period of Warring States" (5th-3rd centuries B.C.E.), the Dao De Jing addresses both the conduct of individuals and the governance of states. It advocates for humility as the hallmark of wise leadership. A sage ruler leads by virtuous example, avoiding interference in the affairs of other nations or the lives of their own people. When governed with minimal laws and regulations, without the imposition of fearsome punishments or burdensome taxes, people naturally organize themselves according to their inherent nature and virtue. Under such light-handed rule, societies will flourish, with long-lived individuals who have few needs and coexist peacefully with their neighbors.