Act Summaries
Act I
Cymbeline, the king of Britain, has a daughter named Imogen from a previous
marriage. His new queen wishes for Imogen to marry her own son, Cloten, from
her former marriage. However, Imogen secretly marries Posthumus Leonatus, a man
highly regarded for his bravery and intellect. In response, Cymbeline banishes
Posthumus and places Imogen under the queen's supervision. Just before
Posthumus departs for Philario's home in Italy, the queen permits the couple a
brief moment to say their goodbyes. She then informs Cymbeline of their
location, and the angry king surprises the couple, forcing Posthumus to flee.
They only have time to exchange tokens: Posthumus gives Imogen a bracelet, and
she gives him a diamond ring. Posthumus leaves his servant, Pisanio, in England
to act as a go-between for him and Imogen. Pisanio enters and reports that
Cloten attacked Posthumus as he headed to the ship, but nothing serious
happened because Posthumus did not take Cloten seriously. Meanwhile, Doctor
Cornelius gives the queen what she believes are deadly poisons. She claims she
will use them on small animals to study their effects and develop antidotes.
Distrusting her, Doctor Cornelius actually provides her with potions that will
only incapacitate the taker, leaving them refreshed once the effects wear off.
The queen hands the drug to Pisanio, falsely telling him it is a powerful
restorative, hoping he will poison himself. She then tries to persuade him to
leave Posthumus's service and work for her instead. Pisanio refuses her
offer.
In Italy, Jachimo, a friend of Philario, bets Posthumus gold against his ring that he can seduce Imogen. Jachimo travels to England and presents Imogen with a commendatory letter of introduction from Posthumus. He deceitfully tells Imogen that Posthumus is involved with other women in Italy and suggests she should retaliate by sleeping with him. Outraged, Imogen rejects the idea, and Jachimo apologizes, claiming he was merely testing the virtue Posthumus always praised. He then asks Imogen if she would keep a trunk for him, explaining that it contains valuable items he is worried about as a foreigner in a strange land. Imogen agrees to store the trunk in her bedchamber.
Act II
Jachimo hides himself in a trunk that has been placed in Imogen's bedroom. Once
she falls asleep, he sneaks out, takes note of everything he sees in the room,
observes a uniquely shaped mole on her breast, and steals Posthumus's bracelet
from her arm. He then retreats back into the trunk to wait for morning. In the
morning, Cloten has musicians play outside Imogen's door, hoping she will wake
to the sweet music and appreciate his gesture. Cymbeline and the queen find him
outside Imogen's room and encourage his pursuit of her. However, when Cloten
speaks with Imogen, she tries to deter his advances, declaring she has no
interest in him. When Cloten criticizes Posthumus, Imogen retorts that Cloten
is a contemptible creature worth less than any of Posthumus's garments. She
notices her bracelet is missing and sends Pisanio to search for it.
In Italy, Philario and Posthumus discuss the mission of Caius Lucius, a general of the Roman forces currently in England to demand tribute from Cymbeline for Emperor Augustus. Posthumus believes Cymbeline will resist and that the English forces will surprise the Romans with their bravery and skill. Jachimo returns to Italy and falsely claims he has seduced Imogen. He describes her bedchamber, but Posthumus argues that such details could be hearsay. Jachimo then produces the bracelet. Although Posthumus is ready to concede the bet, Philario suggests the bracelet might have been lost. When Jachimo describes the...
(This entire section contains 1813 words.)
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mole on Imogen's breast, he wins the wager, and Posthumus leaves, furious at what he perceives as the deceitful nature of women.
Act III
Cymbeline meets with Caius Lucius and firmly tells him that he will not pay
tribute to Rome. Caius Lucius then declares war on Britain. Pisanio receives
two letters from Posthumus. The first letter tells Imogen that Posthumus will
soon be at Milford-Haven in Wales and that she can meet him there if she
wishes. The second letter instructs Pisanio to kill Imogen at Milford-Haven
because she has been unfaithful to Posthumus.
Outside a cave in Wales, we are introduced to Belarius, a lord banished by Cymbeline twenty years earlier based on false accusations. Belarius now goes by the name Morgan. We also meet Guiderius and Arviragus, Cymbeline's two sons who were abducted by Belarius when they were infants. Guiderius and Arviragus, believed to be Belarius/Morgan's sons, are called Polydore and Cadwal respectively. They set off to hunt for their dinner.
Pisanio and Imogen have also arrived in Wales. Pisanio reveals to Imogen the letter containing Posthumus's orders to kill her. Imogen urges Pisanio to execute the command immediately, but Pisanio has a different idea. He has brought men's attire for Imogen and proposes that she disguise herself as a man to secure passage with Caius Lucius when he departs from Britain. He hands her the drug given to him by the queen, falsely informing her that it is a remedy for fatigue and illness.
When Imogen is discovered missing from Cymbeline's court, the king is furious, and Cloten confronts the recently returned Pisanio, demanding to know Imogen's whereabouts. Pisanio provides Cloten with a letter suggesting that Imogen will meet Posthumus at Milford-Haven. Cloten coerces Pisanio into serving him, to which Pisanio reluctantly agrees, only to placate Cloten temporarily. Pisanio's first task is to bring Cloten some of Posthumus's clothes.
Meanwhile, disguised as a man, Imogen travels for two days until hunger leaves her too weak to continue. She enters Belarius's cave and consumes some of the food there. Belarius, along with Cymbeline's two sons, discovers her when they return from hunting. Though initially fearful, Imogen is treated kindly by Belarius, and Guiderius and Arviragus, ironically, pledge to treat her as a brother. In the final scene, two Roman senators briefly discuss war preparations against England.
Act IV
In the morning, Belarius, Guiderius, and Arviragus leave their cave to go
hunting. Imogen stays behind because she is unwell. After they depart, she
takes some of the medicine given to her by Pisanio. Outside the cave, Belarius
and Cymbeline's sons encounter Cloten, who has arrived there using directions
from Posthumus's letter to Imogen. Belarius recognizes Cloten from years ago,
and he and Arviragus step aside to see if Cloten is alone, while Guiderius
faces Cloten directly. Cloten, assuming Guiderius is a rogue mountaineer,
threatens him. They fight, and Guiderius kills Cloten, decapitating him.
Arviragus returns to the cave and mistakenly believes Imogen is dead. Belarius,
Guiderius, and Arviragus place her body next to Cloten's headless corpse,
planning to return at midnight to cover the bodies with dew-drenched flowers.
Meanwhile, Imogen awakens, sees the headless body dressed in Posthumus's
clothes, and assumes it is Posthumus. She immediately suspects that Pisanio, in
collusion with Cloten, is responsible for Posthumus's death, believing he
forged the letters and misled her about the medicine. She throws herself onto
the corpse, weeping. Caius Lucius and his military officers, preparing to
receive troops from the continent for war with the English, discover her in
this state. Caius Lucius believes Imogen is a devoted page mourning his master,
and for her safety, she pretends to be. She tells the Roman general that her
name is Fidele and that her deceased master was Richard du Champ. Impressed by
her loyalty, Caius Lucius asks her to join his service.
At Cymbeline's palace, the queen is ill with worry over Cloten, and the king also misses Cloten's presence as war looms. Cymbeline threatens to torture Pisanio, thinking he knows where Imogen has gone. Pisanio insists he knows nothing and plans to redeem himself by fighting valiantly in the upcoming battles. A lord from Cymbeline's court supports Pisanio, asserting that Pisanio was at the court on the day Imogen disappeared.
Back in Wales, Guiderius and Arviragus are eager to join the English forces and fight the Romans. Belarius is reluctant, fearing recognition. However, he eventually succumbs to the persistent enthusiasm of his two young wards.
Act V
Posthumus receives a blood-stained cloth and assumes that Pisanio has sent it
as evidence of Imogen’s murder, as he had instructed. He immediately regrets
his orders and feels he must die to atone for his role in her death. He has
come to Britain with a group of Italian nobles led by Jachimo to fight against
the Britons, but he disguises himself as an English peasant and fights
alongside the Britons against the Romans. Initially, the Roman forces overpower
the English, and Cymbeline is captured as the English troops retreat. However,
Belarius, Guiderius, and Aviragus rescue Cymbeline and make a courageous stand,
halting the English retreat. Posthumus joins their effort and fights with
reckless abandon, hoping to die in battle. He duels Jachimo and disarms him.
The English emerge victorious, and Belarius, Guiderius, and Aviragus are
celebrated for their bravery. Cymbeline searches for the fourth hero—Posthumus
disguised as a peasant—but cannot find him to reward him. Posthumus has changed
back into a Roman soldier’s uniform and is subsequently arrested and jailed.
While imprisoned, the spirits of his deceased family members visit him in a
dream, pleading with Jupiter to show mercy and reward Posthumus for his noble
deeds. Jupiter, descending on an eagle, is irritated by the ghosts' pleas and
commands them to return to the underworld, asserting that mortal lives are his
domain. Before leaving, Jupiter places a tablet with a cryptic prophecy on
Posthumus’s sleeping body. The ghosts place the tablet on him and disappear.
When Posthumus awakens, he is puzzled by the writing. Soon after, he and other
Roman prisoners are brought to Cymbeline’s tent. Cymbeline learns from
Cornelius that the queen has died after confessing her plans to poison both him
and Imogen to make Cloten king. Cymbeline decrees that all Roman prisoners must
die. Caius Lucius requests mercy for his page—actually Imogen in disguise—and
Cymbeline agrees. Imogen, noticing Posthumus’s diamond ring on Jachimo’s
finger, is allowed to question him. Jachimo confesses his deceit and villainy
concerning Posthumus and Imogen. All deceptions and misunderstandings come to
light, with Posthumus, Pisanio, and Cornelius revealing their parts in the
events, and Imogen’s true identity is unveiled. Guiderius admits to killing and
beheading Cloten. Cymbeline condemns him to death for the treasonous act of
killing a prince, but Belarius reveals that Guiderius and Aviragus are actually
Cymbeline’s sons, kidnapped by Belarius twenty years earlier. Cymbeline is
overwhelmed yet overjoyed by these rapid revelations. Philarmonus, the Roman
soothsayer, interprets Jupiter’s tablet, which foretold the reunion of
Cymbeline’s family and the improved relations between Rome and England.
Cymbeline pardons the Roman prisoners and announces he will resume paying
tribute to Rome, a payment he had previously withheld at the queen’s
urging.