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Cry, the Beloved Country

by Alan Paton

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Themes: Nature and Its Meaning

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The novel's tone is set from the beginning, resembling a parable situated in a distant and enchanting place. Yet, in this seemingly idyllic setting, something is amiss. By the conclusion of the second paragraph, the tone shifts to reveal that the lush greenery is fragile and depends on human care. "Destroy it and man is destroyed." Cry, the Beloved Country primarily narrates the tale of a land exploited and left to suffer by those in pursuit of gold. Paton's story carries the hope that by raising awareness of the current situation, balance can be restored, allowing the "natives" to find hope and encouraging individuals like Jarvis to make concessions to help them achieve self-sufficiency. The aspiration is that future generations will cherish the land's beauty and prioritize each other over ownership and material wealth.

From the start of Stephen Kumalo's quest to reunite his family from Johannesburg, the land's presence is unsettling. Some critics suggest that the land itself acts as a character in the novel, with the city symbolizing its ailment. Initially, the land is portrayed as beautiful grass and hills, but then the disruptive influence of the road cutting through them is emphasized. As Kumalo approaches the city, the scars of industrialization become more apparent, as do the burdens on his people. Ultimately, the city is depicted as a place of noise, pollution, and crowds. Africa is illustrated as a sick person in need of rescue from those who rely on it. Like Gertrude, Stephen's ailing sister whom he seeks, Africa requires rejuvenation. Although Jarvis begins by sending an expert, Mr. Letsitsi, readers can only hope the land will fare better than Gertrude.

The land's health clearly reflects the well-being of the tribe and the nation. The land is the primary concern of the tribal leader, as most of his people have moved to the city. The condition of the land is a frequent topic of discussion among both black and white farmers, who worry about the increasing gaps between rainfalls. There is something deeply wrong in Africa, and people can feel it. The land is unwell, and society appears to be out of sync with itself. Unfortunately, people choose to worsen the situation by increasing the burden on the majority of its population—the non-whites—while doing little to restore the land's diminishing beauty.

Expert Q&A

Why does Kumalo go to Emoyeni mountain for vigil in Cry, the Beloved Country?

Kumalo goes to Emoyeni mountain for a vigil during crises to seek inspiration and spiritual solace. This pilgrimage-like journey is a metaphorical meeting with God, where he prays for healing and peace. In Cry, the Beloved Country, Kumalo visits the mountain as his son Absalom faces execution, reflecting on his life, confessing sins, and praying for his family and country. The mountain's beauty and solitude provide a sacred space for contemplation and thanksgiving.

What are the "things" referred to in this quote from Cry, the Beloved Country: "Cry the beloved country, these things are not yet at an end."?

The "things" referred to in the quote highlight the massive social and cultural upheavals in South Africa, including broken tribes, lost customs and laws, and significant suffering and prejudice. This lament reflects on the dire poverty and turmoil affecting the country. The quote also foreshadows further tragedies, such as the death of Absalom, emphasizing that these challenges and sorrows are ongoing and unresolved.

What does dawn symbolize in "Cry, the Beloved Country"?

In "Cry, the Beloved Country," dawn symbolizes new beginnings and hope for reconciliation. It marks the potential for racial harmony in South Africa, as represented by the reconciliation between the two fathers, one white and one black. Dawn also signifies a fresh start for the Ixopo village community, highlighted by the friendship between Jarvis' grandson and Kumalo, which leads to aid and support for the village's needs.

In Cry, the Beloved Country, what are the outcomes for those who stayed in tribal villages versus those who left for Johannesburg, and what is Paton's viewpoint on this migration?

The migration is inevitable

How does Kumalo feel when he describes his homeland to his fascinated nephew?

Kumalo feels a deep sense of pleasure and satisfaction when describing his homeland to his nephew. This act allows him to reconnect with his roots and traditions amidst the challenges of city life. His nephew listens intently, suggesting a budding connection to their ancestral land. This reflects a central theme of the novel: the profound bond between people and their land, and the impact of urbanization on this connection.

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