The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius is a work by a Roman philosopher that falls into two schools of thought: the Roman and the Scholastics. The first theme of the work is the emergence and early development of medieval Christian philosophy. Although the text has themes of Aristotelianism, Stoicism, and Neoplatonism—due to Boethius' lifetime study of the ancient Greek philosophers—it also explores the concept of praying to God in return for God's blessings and salvation.

The work also explores the theme of the symbiotic relationship between spiritual enlightenment—which is the path to God—and the rational being. In this section of the work, Boethius concludes that God is a supreme being guided by reason, and through reason the soul can liberate itself from the material world. Boethius believed that a spiritual journey inward, away from the material world, is the same as a journey upward, towards the divine.

In Book 3 of the volume, Boethius defines the concept of happiness and how it is related to the concept of goodness. The philosopher opined that God is the essence of happiness, and that God is the source of all that is good. Therefore, goodness or taking the righteous path leads to God.

In Book 4 of the volume, Boethius expresses his thoughts on evil. He laments that evil deeds and people go unpunished. However, Philosophy, which is personified as a feminine spirit in the works, tells Boethius that human beings all strive to be good because goodness equals happiness, which was concluded in Book 3. However, evil deeds—such as falling for temptations of pleasure and greed—happen because some people are weak-willed and don't exercise self-control. Book 4 examines the idea of cosmic justice that is similar to the Hindu concept of karma, where the good are rewarded and evil people receive the same pain that they inflict.