Bhabha, Homi K. "The other question: difference, discrimination and the discourse of colonialism." In Literature, Politics and Theory, edited by Francis Barker, Peter Hulme, Margaret Iversen, and Diana Loxley, pp. 148-72. London: Methuen, 1986, 259 p.

Uses the writings of Frantz Fanon to argue that the construction of the colonial stereotype of the "other" is characterized by an ambivalence which reflects the contradictions inherent in colonial discourse.

Bivona, Daniel. Desire and Contradiction: Imperial Visions and Domestic Debates in Victorian Literature. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990, 153 p.

Reveals the pervasive influence of imperialist ideology by tracing its impact on domestic novels where constructions of the "other" act as a form of self-reflection.

Bratton, J. S. "Of England, Home and Duty: The Image of England in Victorian and Edwardian Juvenile Fiction." In Imperialism and Popular Culture, edited by John M. MacKenzie, pp.73-93. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986.

Focuses on children's fiction as a vehicle for indoctrination of England's youth into imperialist ideology.

David, Deirdre. "Children of Empire: Victorian Imperialism and Sexual Politics in Dickens and Kipling." In Gender and Discourse in Victorian Literature and Art, edited by Antony H. Harrison and Beverly Taylor, pp. 124-42. Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 1992, 286 p.

Analyzes Dickens' Old Curiosity Shop and Kipling's Kim to reveal the mutually constitutive nature of gender and imperialist politics throughout the Victorian period.

Donaldson, Laura E. Decolonizing Feminisms: Race, Gender, and Empire-Building. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992, 175 p.

Explores the problematic connections between colonialism and western feminism to emphasize the necessity of combining feminist and anti-racist postcolonial analysis in our readings of Victorian fiction.

Ferguson, Moira. Colonialism and Gender Relations from Mary Wollstonecraft to Jamaica Kincaid. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993, 175 p.

Analyzes the connections between race, gender and colonial politics in representations of the East Caribbean by British and Caribbean women writers.

Green, Martin. Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire. New York: Basic Books, 1979, 429 p.

Argues that adventure is a central myth of empire-building, and explores the functioning of this myth in fiction in a broad historical context. A portion is excerpted above.

Hammond, Dorothy, and Alta Jablow. The Africa That Never Was: Four Centuries of British Writing about Africa. New York: Twayne, 1970, 251 p.

Relates the portrayal of Africa and Africans by British writers to British political and economic interests.

Howe, Susanna. Novels of Empire. New York: Columbia University Press, 1949, 186 p.

Broad review of novels on imperial themes set in India and Indo-China, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. A portion of Chapter 2 is excerpted above.

Kiernan, V. G. The Lords of Human Kind: Black Man, Yellow Man, and White Man in an Age of Empire. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986, 336 p.

Places nineteenth-century European colonialism in the long historical tradition of empire-building from the beginning of human civilization.

Lane, Christopher. The Ruling Passion: British Colonial Allegory and the Paradox of Homosexual Desire. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995, 326 p.

Uses psychoanalysis to reveal the multiple formulations of homosexual desire in the Victorian period and their complex supporting/conflicting relationship with colonial ideology.

McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York: Routledge, 1995.

Combines a psychoanalytical analysis of the domestic sphere with a historical analysis of the politics of Victorian England to trace the intersection of the discourses of race, gender, and colonialism during this period.

McClure, John A. Kipling and Conrad: The Colonial Fiction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, 182 p.

Through a reading of the novels of Kipling and Conrad, traces the two novelists' changing attitudes towards the imperialist project.

Melman, Billie. Women's Orients: English Women and the Middle East, 1718-1918. London: Macmillan, 1992, 417 p.

Analyzes British women's travels to the Middle East and the resultant writings to reveal the multiplicity of orientalist discourse and the differences between the relationship of British men and women with colonial ideology.

Meyer, Susan L. "Colonialism and the Figurative Strategy of Jane Eyre." Victorian Studies 33, No. 2 (Winter 1990): 247-68.

Through a reading of Jane Eyre, explores Brö nte's conflicting attitudes towards race relations.

Meyers, Jeffrey. Fiction and the Colonial Experience. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, Inc., 1968, 147 p.

Analyzes how works by Kipling, Conrad, Forster, Cary, and Greene represent the cultural dynamics of the colonial encounter from the viewpoints of both colonizer and colonized and use colonial settings to re-evaluate Western civilization from an external perspective.

Nayder, Lillian. "Robinson Crusoe and Friday in Victorian Britain: 'Discipline,' 'Dialogue,' and Collins's Critique of Empire in The Moonstone." In Dickens Studies Annual Vol. 21, edited by Michael Timko, Fred Kaplan, and Edward Guiliano, pp. 213-31. New York: AMS Press, 1992, 339 p.

Analyzes Collins's The Moonstone as an ideological critique of social and racial oppression in Robinson Crusoe.

Perera, Suvendrini. "'Fit Only for a Seraglio': The Discourse of Oriental Misogyny in Jane Eyre and Vanity Fair." In Reaches of Empire: The English Novel from Edgeworth to Dickens, pp. 79-102. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

Examines Jane Eyre and Vanity Fair to explore the use of the discourse of oriental womanhood in the construction of the feminist individual subject in British fiction.

Raskin, Johan. The Mythology of Imperialism. New York: Random House, 1971, 335 p.

Analyzes conflicts and compromises with respect to imperialism and resistance in the fiction of Kipling, Conrad, Forster, Lawrence, and Cary.

Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978, 368 p.

A ground-breaking work that argues that the West constructed the "orient" as its "other," underground self in both discursive and material terms as a means of controlling its colonial possessions.

——. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books, 1993, 380 p.

Explores the relationship between imperialism and narrative fiction, and argues that representations of imperialism are always accompanied by strategies of resistance.

Sandison, Alan. The Wheel of Empire: A Study of the Imperial Idea in Some Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Fiction. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1967, 213 p.

Looks at the writings of Kipling, Conrad, Haggard, and Buchan to analyze the moral, rather than the political, implications of the imperial idea as it functions in the fictional works of these writers.

Sharpe, Jenny. Allegories of Empire: The Figure of Woman in the Colonial Text. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993, 190 p.

Argues that nineteenth-century racial ideology, which acted as a form of containment for threats to colonial authority, was appropriated by British women for their own feminist agenda.

Spurr, David. The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration. Durham: Duke University Press, 1993, 292 p.

Analyzes the rhetorical modes of writing about the "other" as tropes of colonial discourse in non-fictional writings of the Victorian period.

Sullivan, Zohreh T. Narratives of Empire: The Fictions of Rudyard Kipling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 199 p.

Explores the ambivalence generated by the combination of power and desire in colonial discourse through a reading of Kipling's fiction and its conflation of the political and the familial.

Viera, Carol. "The Black Man's Burden in Anticolonial Satire." CLA Journal 26, No. 1 (September 1982): 1-22.

Examines lesser-known British writers during the latter half of the nineteenth century who produced anti-colonial satire and thus provided an internal challenge to the colonial enterprise.

Wurgaft, Lewis D. The Imperial Imagination: Magic and Myth in Kipling's India. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1983, 211 p.

A psychoanalytical study of the British relationship with India in the latter part of the nineteenth century through a reading of Kipling's fiction and its embodiment of the heroic mythology about British achievements in India.

Young, Robert. "Colonialism and the Desiring Machine." In Liminal Postmodernisms: The Postmodern, the (Post-)Colonial, and the (Post-)Feminist, edited by Theo D'haen and Hans Bertens, pp. 11-34. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994, 357 p.

Examines the racial and sexual framework that formed the theoretical framework for colonial discourse during the Victorian period.