Analyze the properties of a sodium atom and a sodium ion. What are the differences in mass, stability, and reactivity that  caused the differences between sodium atom and sodium ion?

A sodium atom has a molar mass of 22.98 g/mol and an atomic number of 11. As the atomic number is 11, there are 11 electrons in the sodium atom. The number of atoms in sodium is one more than the number of atoms in the chemical shell of the nearest noble gas which is neon.

Sodium forms compounds where it is linked to other atoms by ionic bonds. This involves sodium losing one electron and leads to the formation of the Na+ ion. The mass of the sodium ion is approximately equal to that of the sodium atom as only one electron is missing. The positive charge on the ion leads to the formation of ionic bonds with negatively charged ions. The sodium ion is more reactive than the sodium atom as the atom is uncharged. Sodium can exist as an atom freely though sodium ions can only be found as a component of chemical compounds.

Analyze the properties of a sodium atom and a sodium ion. What are the differences in mass, stability, and reactivity that  caused the differences between sodium atom and sodium ion?

The mass of a sodium atom is 22.98977 g/mole. The mass of a sodium ion Na which has one electron less than a sodium atom is lesser by 9.109*10^-31 kg. For all practical purposes the mass of the two is the same.

A particle that is more chemically stable is less reactive and that is less stable is more reactive chemically. This results from the fact that a particle reacts with another particle to gain more stability.

The sodium atom is extremely reactive and has a very low stability. It reacts to form ionic compounds where it loses one electron and is converted to a sodium ion. The outermost electron shell of the sodium ion is complete and this reduces its chemical reactivity. In the process of getting converted from a sodium atom to a sodium ion one electron is lost, this makes the sodium ion positively charged and it is attracted to any negatively charged ion.

Analyze the properties of a sodium atom and a sodium ion.

The sodium atom and the sodium ion are obviously very closely related but have some very different properties.  Both have 11 protons in their nuclei but the sodium atom has 11 electrons while the sodium ion has only 10 electrons.  Sodium is a group 1 alkali metal and as such readily loses the eletctron in its outermost valence shell (in this case 3s1) to form a cation with a plus one charge.  The sodium atom is a neutral compound and is actually a soft, white colored metal.  It is extremely reactive with water and produces extreme heat and hydrogen gas so the reaction is explosive.  The sodium ion, on the other hand, is an ion and outside of an aqueous solution must be paired with an anion like chloride (Cl-).  The sodium ion goes readily into water with no dangerous release of energy or heat.  In water, the sodium ion acts as an electrolyte to help the solution conduct electricity.