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Bridge to Terabithia

by Katherine Paterson

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Jess and Leslie's Friendship, Personal Growth, and Changes in Terabithia in Bridge to Terabithia

Summary:

In Bridge to Terabithia, Jess and Leslie's friendship helps Jess realize he is not alone and can be himself. Both feel like social outcasts but connect through shared interests like art and imagination. Their friendship blossoms into a deep, non-romantic bond, enhancing Jess's confidence and determination. Leslie's death profoundly impacts Jess, reinforcing the lessons of courage and self-discovery she taught him. Terabithia, their imaginary world, symbolizes these lessons, remaining a place of both darkness and beauty even after Leslie's passing.

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What did Jess learn about himself through his friendship with Leslie in Bridge to Terabithia?

The most important lesson that Jess learns is that he is not alone.  As a middle child and the only boy, Jess has always been isolated from his family.  The same is true at school - the other kids don't connect with him.  The fact that he is an artist doesn't help him in this situation, for it is considered a "girly" activity.  Jess is determined to be the fast runner at school because he is looking to be accepted and to belong.

Leslie teaches Jess that he can be exactly who he is and not be alone.  Leslie reaches out to Jess, and he responds to her, and this is the start of Jess's learning curve.  The more he interacts with Leslie, the more he sees that he just needs to reach out to those around him - whether it be May Belle, Janice Avery, or his father - and...

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he will be accepted and appreciated.  Jess's trip to the museum with his music teacher is theclimax of his lesson.  He has allowed Miss Edmunds to see him as an individual, and it leads her to invite him to the National Gallery.  Jess is fully accepted and is able to explore an interest that fascinates him.

In a sad turn of events, it is Leslie's death that reinforces this lesson.  After her death, Jess finally connects with his father, who provides comfort for his son.  Jess is able to recognize how important Leslie's lessons were:

"It was up to him to pay back to the world in beauty and caring what Leslie had loaned him in vision and strength."
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What shared interests and feelings lead to Leslie and Jess's friendship in Bridge to Terabithia?

Jess and Leslie are both a little bit of social outcasts. It's not that people openly despise Jess or Leslie, but people view them as odd. For example, Jess isn't the stereotypical "jock," sports-loving boy. He likes running, and he's good at it, but that's about it for athletics. His true passion is art, and sadly that puts him on the peripheral of his peers.

Leslie has similar issues. She is the new girl to the school, and she simply doesn't act like a "normal" girl. She competes with the boys and often outperforms them. Her family itself is seen as otherworldly because they don't have a television. Jess resists being Leslie's friend at first, but he soon discovers that they have a lot more in common than simply being similarly estranged kids. They both share a love of running, and they both love to create and imagine things. They also have a similar moral compass which is evidenced by how they end up supporting Janice Avery despite her bullying.

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How has the friendship between Jess and Leslie developed in Bridge to Terabithia?

Jess and Leslie's friendship develops in an overall healthy direction throughout Bridge to Terabithia. When Leslie first arrives, Jess isn't overtly friendly to Leslie. In fact, he is actually quite cold to her:

"Hi," he or she said, jerking his or her head toward the Perkins place. "We just moved in."

Jess stood where he was, staring.

The person slid off the fence and came toward him. "I thought we might as well be friends," it said. "There's no one else close by."

Girl, he decided. Definitely a girl, but he couldn't have said why he was suddenly sure.

She was about his height-not quite though, he was pleased to realize as she came nearer.

"My name's Leslie Burke."

She even had one of those dumb names that could go either way, but he was sure now that he was right.

"What's the matter?"

"Huh?"

"Is something the matter?"

"Yeah. No." He pointed his thumb in the direction of his own house, and then wiped his hair off his forehead. "Jess Aarons." Too bad May Belle's girl came in the wrong size. "Well well." He nodded at her. "See you." He turned toward the house.

Things don't get better in the next chapter either. Jess has had his sights set on winning the recess races, but Leslie comes in there and beats everybody. She steals the glory that he believes that he is going to get, and that doesn't help develop the friendship; however, her running skill does impress Jess enough for him to realize that they have common interests. He even thinks her running was "beautiful":

He couldn't help turning to watch. She ran as though it was her nature. It reminded him of the flight of wild ducks in the autumn. So smooth. The word "beautiful" came to his mind, but he shook it away and hurried up toward the house.

As chapter 4 begins, readers are told that Leslie wins race after race, but Jess is coming to terms with not being the best runner. As Friday rolls around, he is excited for music class. By the end of the class, the music has given him a slight sense of euphoria, and Jess notices that Leslie does too. The two characters smile at each other, and Jess makes a conscious decision to be her friend:

Caught in the pure delight of it, Jess turned and his eyes met Leslie's. He smiled at her. What the heck? There wasn't any reason he couldn't. What was he scared of anyhow? Lord. Sometimes he acted like the original yellow-bellied sapsucker. He nodded and smiled again. She smiled back. He felt there in the teachers' room that it was the beginning of a new season in his life, and he chose deliberately to make it so.

He did not have to make any announcement to Leslie that he had changed his mind about her. She already knew it.

From this point forward, Jess and Leslie's friendship blossoms. They care deeply for the well-being of the other person. Their empathy is wonderful to read about, and they give selflessly of themselves for each other. It is important to note that their relationship is a relationship of pure friendship that doesn't get complicated with romance. That deep bond that the two of them share is what makes Leslie's death so tragic for both the reader and Jess.

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What happens to Leslie in Bridge to Terabithia, and how does Jess react?

In Bridge to Terabithia, Jess has a seemingly perfect day before he finds out the terrible news about Leslie. Jess visits an art gallery with Miss Edmunds, and then they have lunch together. He arrives home and feels elated, but as soon as he walks into the kitchen, he knows something is terribly wrong. His family is there, staring at him silently, and his mother suddenly breaks down in tears. Brenda tells him that Leslie has died.

Jess is immediately in a profound state of shock. His father tries to explain what has happened. He tells Jess that Leslie had tried to swing into Terabithia, but the rope they had been using to swing over the river broke. She fell into the river, hit her head, and drowned. Jess denies everything, accusing his father of lying. He runs out of the house, and as the truth becomes clearer, he runs faster. His father finds him and takes him home, and Jess seems to go numb. He quietly goes to bed.

He wakes up in the middle of night, still not willing to believe that Leslie is gone. He thinks about the next time he and Leslie will visit Terabithia and imagines himself talking to her. He also seems to feel guilty that he did not invite Leslie on his trip with Miss Edmunds, because she would not have died if she had come. The next morning, Jess seems oddly cheery. His father does his chores for him, and his mother serves him a plate of pancakes which he happily eats quietly. When his father comes in and tells him he'd like to go to the Burkes to pay his respects, and thinks Jess should come along, he seems confused, and his father once again has to explain that Leslie is dead. Numbly, Jess puts on a jacket and follows his father.

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How does Jess' friendship with Leslie increase his determination in Bridge to Terabithia?

At the start of the story, Jess is someone of whom others take advantage.  His sisters are selfish teenagers who regularly shirk their duties and leave Jess "to do the work as usual" (Ch.1).  He likes to draw, but hides his creations, and he loves his teacher Miss Edmunds, but won't defend her when students talk badly about her.  When Jess meets Leslie and shares the imaginary land of Terabithia with her, he discovers a true friend, one who believes in him and likes him for who he is.  Jess tells Leslie of his frustration at not being able to draw like he wants to, saying, "I just can't get the poetry of the trees", and she responds quietly, "you will someday".  When Jess is with Leslie, "everything seem(s) possible", his confidence grows, and he becomes increasingly more determined and assertive (Ch.4). 

Jess is stronger when he is with Leslie, but he depends on her, needing her "to make the magic" (Ch.7).  He is disgusted by his own fears, "as though he had been made with a great piece missing" (Ch.9), and he is furious when Leslie dies, because "she had made him leave his old self behind and...left him stranded" (Ch.12).  It is not until she dies, however, that he discovers that his strength lies within himself.  Jess is then able to help May Belle cross the bridge to Terabithia, and assume the role of mentor and leader, building her up as Leslie did with him.

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How has Terabithia changed since Jess's last visit with Leslie in Bridge to Terabithia?

In Chapter 3 of Katherine Paterson'sBridge to Terabithia, the first time both Jesse and Leslie enter the section of the woods they dub Terabithia, Jesse notes that the woods are dark and frightening, "like being under water," but bravely follows Leslie into the woods anyway. He further notes the "ever-darkening columns of tall pines" and the various types of trees: the dogwoods, the redwoods, the oaks, and the evergreens. He further notes that the "sun flung itself in golden streams through the trees to splash warmly at their feet" (p. 24). In other words, because she's there, he doesn't focus on and isn't frightened by the darkness. Instead, he's able to note the golden sunlight and feel its warmth.

Later, in Chapter 13, after Leslie has died, Jesse finally gets the courage to go back to their stream by himself. He also bravely builds a bridge to the other side using a fallen tree branch and makes his way into the deep part of the woods they call their "castle stronghold" (p. 67). However, this time, now that Leslie is gone, he only notes that it is "dark and damp" but also notes that "there was no evidence there to suggest that the queen had died" (p. 67). He also decides to weave a funeral wreath of flowers for her and lay it in the grove. He further notes a "brilliant" red cardinal cock his head and "stare at the wreath" as if the bird was giving its approval of the wreath (p. 68).

Hence, both when he first enters Terabithia with Leslie and much later when he returns after he death, he notes the darkness of the woods. Yet, he is still able to notice other beauties of nature and feel brave, all due to her influence.

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