Bérénice (bay-ray-NEES), the enchanting queen of Palestine, is passionately in love with Titus, who has recently ascended as the emperor of Rome, succeeding his father Vespasian. Her intense affection for Titus overshadows all else, leading her to overlook and neglect Antiochus, the king of Commagene, who harbors his own love for her and appears to be a more suitable match. Upon learning that the people of Rome would not accept Bérénice as their empress, Titus realizes he cannot reveal this truth to her directly. He asks Antiochus to convey that his love is to be sacrificed out of a sense of duty to Rome. Initially, Bérénice refuses to believe Antiochus, accusing him of jealousy-driven deceit. In a final, poignant meeting with Titus, she confronts him with her anger and despair. However, upon recognizing Titus's enduring love, she draws upon her own deep affection to relinquish any dreams of happiness. Ultimately, she implores Antiochus to abandon his love for her as well and departs from Rome, leaving both men ensnared by unrequited love in her absence.

Titus (tee-TEWS), the emperor of Rome, epitomizes majesty and conscientiousness as a ruler but grapples with personal torment due to the pain he must cause himself and others. While his love for Bérénice and friendship with Antiochus expose his vulnerabilities, Titus constantly seeks guidance from historical exemplars to fortify his resolve. The decision to part with Bérénice costs him the companionship of the person who illuminated his virtues both as a man and a ruler.

Antiochus (an-TI-eh-kuhs), the king of Commagene, is both a loyal friend and war comrade of Titus and a courtly admirer of Bérénice. As the confidant of the star-crossed lovers, he endures the anguish of witnessing Bérénice's unhappiness due to a rival who is also his dear friend. Antiochus’s impulsive and anxious nature leads him to oscillate between hope and despair. Yet, he is willing to sacrifice himself for Bérénice's happiness, even contemplating suicide until Bérénice's noble actions and steadfast will rekindle his strength.

Paulin (poh-LA[N]), serving as Titus's confidant, embodies the Roman perspective, voicing the concerns of both the Senate and the citizens. He articulates the impossibility of Titus marrying Bérénice without inciting public outcry, upholding the belief that a true hero must master his emotions.

Arsace (ahr-SAHS), the confidant of Antiochus, strives to maintain optimism and offers solace to Antiochus in moments of distress. Although Arsace presents logical arguments, Antiochus, consumed by his love for Bérénice, recognizes that love often defies reason.

Phénice (fay-NEES), acting as Bérénice's confidante, attempts to advocate on behalf of Antiochus, supporting his cause in the intricate web of affections.

Rutile (rew-TEEL) stands as a representative of the Roman populace on the stage, voicing the sentiments and concerns of the people.