Benedict Kiely's literary work is deeply rooted in the fabric of Irish life, weaving autobiographical elements with rich storytelling influenced by the likes of William Carleton. His fiction often reflects his own life experiences and environments, as noted by critics such as Thomas B. O'Grady and Daniel J. Casey. Kiely's contribution to the modern short story is significant, placing him among the foremost writers of his time, as highlighted by Julian Moynahan in his review of The State of Ireland.

His narrative style is characterized by a blend of mythology, realism, and lyrical prose that sets him apart in Irish literature, as observed by Daniel J. Casey. Kiely's work often delves into the absurdity and humor of life, showcasing a comedic vision that is uniquely his, as noted by Guy Davenport. In stories like A Ball of Malt and Madame Butterfly, his portrayal of Irish life is both earthy and compassionate, addressing the vulnerabilities of both clergy and laymen with humor and empathy, a perspective emphasized by Rakes and Realists.

Kiely's novels also tackle the complex political and social landscapes of Ireland, particularly in works like Proxopera, where he explores the tensions of Ulster's political scene, offering poignant insights into terrorism and rural nostalgia. These themes are critically examined by Tom Paulin and Felix Pickering. His ability to portray unexpected relationships and identity transformations is celebrated by Terence Winch, who praises Kiely for capturing the essence of Irish music and culture.

Moreover, Kiely uses local traditions to express universal truths, a skill admired by Robert Tracy. His work embodies unity amidst division, reflecting both the mystical and physical landscapes of Ireland. Kiely's mastery as a storyteller is evident throughout his oeuvre, making his work an enduring part of Irish literary heritage.