Themes: Memory and Reminiscence

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While the physical injuries from slavery may heal swiftly, the emotional and mental scars remain with its victims. In Beloved, characters struggle with their memories, trying to remember the good without being haunted by the bad. Paul D. has "shut down a generous portion of his head" to avoid remembering "Halle's face and Sixo laughing." Out of her first seven children, Baby Suggs can only recall that the oldest liked the burned bottom of bread. Sethe comments, "That's all you let yourself remember," and for her, "the future was a matter of keeping the past at bay." Sethe's "re-memories" are so intense they seem tangible: "if you go there and stand in the place where it was, it will happen again," she tells Denver. In contrast, Ella has a healthier perspective on the past: "The past [was] something to leave behind. And if it didn't stay behind, well, you might have to stomp it out." However, Sethe's "rebellious brain" prevents her from forgetting: "there is still more that Paul D. could tell me and my brain would go right ahead and take it and never say, No thank you. I don't want to know or have to remember that." Beloved herself seems to have "disremembered" almost all of her past. When Sethe believes the girl is her lost daughter, she feels "excited to giddiness by the things she no longer had to remember." This implies that Sethe torments herself with memories as a form of self-punishment. Now that her daughter has returned, she feels, "I don't have to remember nothing. I don't even have to explain. She understands it all." The novel's ending implies that leaving the past behind will aid Sethe's survival. "We got more yesterday than anybody," Paul D. tells Sethe. "We need some kind of tomorrow." The narrator also observes, "Remembering seemed unwise," leading to Beloved being "disremembered"—deliberately forgotten: "This is not a story to pass on."

Expert Q&A

Explain the concept of "re-memory" in Beloved.

In *Beloved*, "re-memory" refers to the process of repeatedly returning to past memories, which significantly influence a person's present. Sethe's vivid memories of Sweet Home and her daughter's murder haunt her, intertwining past and present. Characters like Paul D. try to block painful memories, while Sethe's memories are so powerful they nearly become reality. The novel suggests that overcoming "re-memory" is essential for moving forward.

In Beloved, what does the narrator mean by "this is not a story to pass on . . ."?

The narrator's phrase "this is not a story to pass on" in Beloved means it shouldn't be handed down to avoid reigniting the horrors of slavery, but also shouldn't be ignored because of its historical truths. It signifies that the legacy of slavery will continue to haunt society, yet the pain must be let go to move forward, as shown by the characters coming to terms with their pasts and healing.

How would you analyze Baby Suggs' sermon and her eventual surrender in Beloved? How is Beloved's murder narrated? What does Beloved represent for Sethe, Denver, Paul D, and the community?

To Sethe, Baby Suggs is a down-home preacher with a touch of real-life abolitionist-feminism. Her role in the community is that she is a minister. She offers up to them her great big heart. To Baby Suggs, I would think it's more an issue of other supernatural powers being in control (i.e. Beloved). It could also be simply because she's tired and knows her time has come to die, but it's more of the first reason than the second one. A question: How do you view Beloved? Who is she for you?

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