What literary devices are used in "Araby"?

In "Araby," Joyce uses the literary device of a subjective point of view, a technique favored among modernist writers. Readers experience the story entirely through the sensations and thoughts of the narrator.

Joyce also uses symbolism, another favored technique of the modernists. For instance, the color brown in the story symbolizes the dull conventionality of Irish life. The houses on the alley in which the narrator lives are described as brown. Notably, too, Mangan's sister, the girl the narrator fancies, is twice associated with brown. In this way, Joyce brings in the literary device of irony, which is when words or events in a story are presented in a way that opposes reality or expectations. It is somewhat ironic that the narrator imagines the girl as an idealized figure, an escape from everything dull and ordinary in Dublin, while the story hints that she a completely commonplace Irish girl.

The story uses the literary device of personification as well. The houses in the boy's alley, for example, are described as if they are people gazing out with "brown, imperturbable faces."

Imagery—description using any the fives senses—helps set the tone of story. For example, the narrator has moved into a house once lived in by a priest, filled with old, useless papers and other signs of former occupation:

The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple-tree and a few straggling bushes, under one of which I found the late tenant's rusty bicycle-pump.

These details show that the traces of the past permeate the narrator's life, highlighting the theme that Irish culture is shaped—and perhaps trapped—by its past.

What are the literary forms in "Araby" by James Joyce?

Understanding the forms of a work of literature helps a reader to grasp the message that the writer intends to impart. There are recognizable forms, essentially prose, poetry and plays made for the stage, and each of these forms and their subdivisions give a work its structure.  Araby by James Joyce is written in prose and is part of The Dubliners' collection of short stories, all of which expose some aspect of life for the average, working class family living in Dublin in the early twentieth century.

Rhiannamw (the educator above) explores some interesting aspects of Araby and its forms. It, and the other stories in the collection, has purposefully been written in this form (as a short story) for maximum impact, allowing the reader to focus on its own tale and therefore connect with the main character, giving the story an honesty, and although this series is a work of fiction, (a subdivision of prose) the reader easily recognizes the connection with many of Joyce's own experiences. The simplicity of the language and the first person narrative form in Araby allow the reader to be transported to Joyce's era and to make the connection to the real-life aspects of Joyce's seemingly anecdotal stories.

At the time of publication, Joyce was heavily criticized for the content of all the stories because they are pessimistic and the reader does not get to follow each story to its conclusion so the pessimism endures. In Araby, the reader wants the boy to succeed, to realize his romantic dreams of Mangan’s sister, but because his “eyes burned with anguish and anger,” it seems unlikely that he will recover sufficiently to pursue her. His epiphany or realization that life is harsh may be more than he can bear at this young age, preventing him from chasing his vision of perfection, Mangan’s sister. However, the reader will never know. This form of prose emphasizes the point that Joyce is trying to make and allows for interpretation by the reader, making it a very personal experience.