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What is meant by "fleshpots of Egypt" in Antony and Cleopatra?
Quick answer:
"Fleshpots of Egypt" in Antony and Cleopatra refers to the temptation and moral decay Antony experiences due to his relationship with Cleopatra. Although the phrase does not appear in the play, it draws from the Biblical context where "fleshpots" signify bowls of meat and the comfort the Israelites missed from Egypt, symbolizing Antony's seduction and subsequent neglect of his duties.
The phrase "fleshpots" has, over time, developed a sexual connotation, principally suggesting the lower forms of sexual commerce (i.e., prostitution and promiscuity), but the phrase does not appear in William Shakespeare's play Antony and Cleopatra. The association to sexuality could be a product of the word "flesh," and could be derived from the temptation of the fleshpots discussed in the Bible. The Biblical meaning, however, has nothing to do with sex or sexuality. "Fleshpots" in the Bible are just that: pots of flesh or, more precisely, meat. Moses, having succeeded in bringing the Jews out of Egypt, was consequently and repeatedly confronted by angry hordes of newly-liberated Jews incessantly complaining about the harshness of life in the expansive deserts where food and water were scarce. Exodus 16:3 refers to one such collective lament directed at Moses by angry throngs:
"Would to God we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the fleshpots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this wilderness, to kill this whole assembly with hunger."
Shakespeare's play, of course, does not lack for sexual intrigue between Cleopatra and Antony, among others, and the Roman perception of distant Egypt almost certainly allowed for visions of promiscuity that may or may not have conformed to reality. In that sense, the use of the phrase "fleshpots" would be expected, as the Romans may have viewed ancient Egypt the way much of the world viewed Times Square before its rejuvenation during the 1990s. In any event, the phrase, as noted, does not appear in the play, but is commonly used in reference to the seedier venues of certain cities and towns.
References
The "fleshpots of Egypt" were so called because of their loose sexuality and equally loose morals. (In the Bible, the "fleshpots of Egypt" are what the Israelites were trying to flee from due to the overt sexuality, greed, and general sin of the Egyptians against the One True God.) Egypt was all about excess.
Other examples of places being called "fleshpots" are Sodom and Gommorah and Las Vegas, both deemed places were sexuality and morals were/are loose, to say the least! (New slogan: What happens in Egypt stays in Egypt! :)
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