Animal Farm is a 1945 political, satirical novel written by George Orwell. In it, a group of farm animals organize an uprising in order to exile the human farmers and take over the farm; in a somewhat predictable turn of events, once the animals take over the farm, their plans for a utopian society go awry.

The novel is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and the subsequent rise of Stalinism. Every animal in the novel thus represents a certain individual or a group from this real period in history. The primary antagonist of the story—Napoleon the pig—represents Joseph Stalin, however, his character can be extended to represent all tyrannical leaders who have no regard for anyone else and care only about themselves.

When Jessie and Bluebell have puppies, Napoleon takes away the puppies in order to train them into vicious killers who attack anyone who opposes his will or disobeys his orders. Thus, Jessie and Bluebell, the parents of these guard dogs, represent the oppressed Russian population under Joseph Stalin or, by extension, under any dictator. They are the ones who are manipulated and exploited to benefit the autocratic regime and satisfy the personal and selfish interests of the elite.