Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

by Philip K. Dick

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Summary and Analysis: Chapter 10

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New Characters
George Gleason: bounty hunter for the San Francisco Police Department.

Phil Resch: bounty hunter for the San Francisco Police Department.

Officer Garland: police inspector for the San Francisco Police Department.

Miss French: lab worker for the San Francisco Police Department.

Summary
Crams books Deckard at the Hall of Justice on Lombard. Deckard asks himself how both the Lombard and the Mission police departments can co-exist without either office being aware of the other. Crams orders the performance of a bone marrow test on the corpse found in Deckard’s hovercar to determine whether or not it is actually an android. As Crams leads Deckard down the hallway, a plainclothes police officer stops Deckard, grabs his briefcase, and inquires about his arrest. He asks if Deckard has ever heard of Phil Resch and George Gleason, both bounty hunters. Deckard maintains the he has not. The plain clothes officer then asks if Deckard is an android because it has happened in the past that escaped androids have posed as out-of-state bounty hunters and arrived at the station in pursuit of a suspect. Deckard denies that he is an android and offers to take the Voigt-Kampff Test. Deckard then requests a phone call to his wife. Deckard dials his number, but a woman he has never seen before answers the phone. Confused, Deckard hangs up.

The plainclothes officer then leads Deckard into his office and introduces himself as Garland. Garland has never heard of the Voigt-Kampff Test method and asks Deckard to explain the test. After hearing Deckard’s explanation, Garland explains that according to the information contained in Deckard’s briefcase, he is the next target. Based on this finding, Garland calls one of his bounty hunters from the department into his office to see if Deckard appears on their list of androids.

When Resch enters Garland’s office, he is handed Deckard’s files. Resch is immediately aware that Garland is the next android on Deckard’s list. Resch discusses with Deckard the possibility of Polokov being an android. He states that he has often thought that one of the best hiding places for an android would be as a higher-ranking police official. This draws the attention to Garland who himself has never had to take any diagnostic test to prove himself human. The tension is broken with a call from a lab worker, Miss French, who has the android-positive results from bone marrow testing on Polokov. Garland asks about the basis for the Voigt-Kampff Test, to which Deckard responds that it has to do with empathetic response. Resch jumps into the conversation with a description of his agency’s own method of testing, the Boneli Reflex-Arc Test. He explains that the test relies on the difference in time for a particular involuntary physical response between humans and androids. Deckard volunteers himself for this model of testing in exchange for the opportunity to test Resch using his own test model. Resch agrees to the offer and informs Garland that he too will be subjected to testing.

Analysis
In Chapter Ten the idea of authenticity is addressed again. Deckard is forced to question the authenticity of his own life upon encountering a police department that he was not previously aware of. Deckard is arrested under suspicion of being an android by an officer from a police department other than Deckard’s. The idea that another police department, complete with its own set of bounty hunters, can exist without Deckard’s knowledge is cause for concern. Is this second police department authentic? The uncanny similarity between the two departments incites the question of whether or not Deckard’s assumed reality itself...

(This entire section contains 821 words.)

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is authentic.

Deckard's confusion is heightened with introduction of another bounty hunter, Phil Resch. Both bounty hunters serve the same purpose of destroying androids and both use standards relating to empathic response in their methods of testing. When confronted with the possibility that their lives are inauthentic fabrications, they each begin to question whether the other has undergone memory-replacement, a procedure not previously successful on humans. When an android undergoes memory-replacement, it is rendered ignorant of its classification as an android. The idea that it would be impossible for an android to recall its own experience of memory-replacement leads to an examination of how the value of testing standards depends upon the test subject itself. The validity of the bounty hunters' test standards changes when the bounty hunters become the subjects of those tests. Again, the theme of empathy is raised. The reversal in roles between the tester and subject causes the tester to question the validity of the test. Based upon the notion of empathy, the tester-qua-test-subject should have no problem with his own subjugation to the standards of his own test. Thus, the inclination towards a lack of empathic responses towards test-subjects by testers calls to question the validity of empathy as a standard of measuring authenticity among humans.

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Summary and Analysis: Chapter 9

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Summary and Analysis: Chapter 11