Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

by Philip K. Dick

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Summary and Analysis: Chapter 1

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New Characters
Rick Deckard: A bounty hunter of androids for the San Francisco Police Department.

Iran: Rick Deckard’s wife; she rarely leaves their apartment.

Buster Friendly: A popular TV personality whose show runs continuously in the homes of most humans residing on Earth.

Bill Barbour: Rick Deckard’s neighbor; he owns a coveted Percheron mare and keeps it in a stall next to the pen where Rick keeps his mechanized sheep.

Summary
Rick Deckard wakes to the automatic alarm provided by his Penfield mood organ. His wife, Iran, lies in her bed, refusing to get up. Rick attempts to persuade Iran that she should set her mood organ high enough so that she’ll want to be awake. In response, Iran orders Rick to keep his "crude cop’s hand" away. They argue about the nature of Deckard’s job as a bounty hunter and about the ease with which Iran spends Deckard’s bounty money despite her complaints.

The argument then turns to the subject of the mood setting which Iran has chosen on her mood organ. Iran explains that she has purposely set her mood organ for depression and explains that she recently became concerned one afternoon when she became aware of the disturbing silence of their building, but she wasn’t emotionally affected by it. This silence was due to a significant decline in the human population of Earth, and Iran realized that she wasn’t able to respond emotionally due to the setting on her mood organ. Iran says that this inability to feel and react to the absence of life is unhealthy and was once considered an "absence of appropriate affect," so she decided to experiment the settings. Deckard and Iran continue to discuss Iran’s choice of moods when she finally argues that she doesn’t feel like dialing anything into her mood organ. Deckard responds that she should set the dial for a mood that will make her want to dial a different mood. Iran refuses, claiming that setting the dial to a mood that will make her want to re-set the dial will only perpetuate her feeling of false emotion. Deckard then sets his own dial for "a creative and fresh attitude towards his job."

After quickly eating breakfast and dressing in his requisite radiation-proof lead codpiece, Deckard ventures up to the rooftop of his apartment building, where he and all other tenants house their animals, both real and mechanized. Deckard doesn’t divulge to his neighbors that his sheep is electric; to do so would be admitting to his own inferiority. Deckard reaches the rooftop and regards the smell and color of the radioactive air around him. The potency of the radioactive dust that now covers the surface of the earth has subsided considerably since the end of World War Terminus. However, Deckard is still concerned about the negative impact of his exposure to the dust, although he consistently tests as a "regular," and as such he is still allowed to reproduce and emigrate to Mars if he chooses. Deckard knows that there still exists the possibility of being damaged, even with his lead codpiece, and recalls the popular slogan, “Emigrate or degenerate!”

When Deckard makes his way to his small patch of sod, his neighbor, Bill Barbour, is in the adjacent stall tending to his Percheron mare. Bill informs Deckard that his mare is pregnant after successful fertilization by the highest quality plasma available in California. Deckard silently reflects on the demoralizing aspect of owning an ersatz pet. Deckard inquires whether or not Bill has ever considered selling his horse, and Bill explains that selling his horse would be immoral....

(This entire section contains 1448 words.)

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Deckard responds that owning more than one animal would be more immoral than not having any. Deckard then consults his copy of the latest issue ofSydney’s Animal & Fowl Catalogue, the definitive pricing guide for authentic animals. Deckard notices the italicized price means that Sydney’s is currently out of stock, and Bill explains that the reason Sydney’s doesn’t have a Percheron colt in stock is because of its rarity. The two men continue to discuss animal ownership when Bill reminds Deckard that Deckard owns a sheep, and that every family in the building seems to own at least one animal of some sort. Deckard then goes to his own sheep and searches around under the animal until, to Bill’s surprise, he finds the animal’s control panel. Bill responds sympathetically and asks how long Deckard has had the ersatz sheep. Deckard explains that he started with a real sheep, given to him by Iran’s father when he emigrated, but that the sheep caught tetanus from a hidden wire in it’s hay and died. Deckard then describes how owning an ersatz animal feels similar to the real thing except for the aspect of secrecy involved, even down to the repair shop’s anonymous white truck that comes for house calls. Deckard bids farewell to Bill and heads towards his hovercar. Bill promises not to tell anyone about Deckard’s sheep due to the fact that some people might be upset about the death of the real sheep. Deckard explains that he desperately wants a real animal, but that his salary won’t afford him one. Bill suggests that Deckard look into buying a cat, but Deckard explains that he doesn’t want a domestic animal but a large animal like a sheep or even a horse. Deckard then silently considers how many androids he would have to retire in order to receive enough bounty money to afford a large animal. He decides that five androids at 1,000 dollars apiece would be enough, but he also recognizes that Dave Holden, San Francisco’s senior bounty hunter, would have to either retire or die before Deckard would have a chance at that kind of mission.

Bill then suggests that Deckard buy a cricket or even a mouse in an attempt to be funny, but Deckard responds by warning Bill that he could find his horse dead when Bill returns home from work some evening. Bill apologizes for offending Deckard, but Deckard doesn’t respond and silently gets into his hovercar.

Analysis
Philip Dick’s novel, Do androids Dream of Electric Sheep, was written in 1968 at a time when the Cold War was in full effect. The potential for nuclear war between Russia and the United States served as a strong influence for writers during that time. Fitting with the fearful tone of those times, Dick’s novel paints a dreary picture of Earth after World War Terminus (WWT), a war that has rendered Earth almost entirely useless due to the amount of radioactive dust that it created.

In the first chapter, these changes are indicated by references to devices such as mood organs and mechanical, or ersatz, animals. The introduction of these devices in this chapter foreshadows the prominence of the theme of authenticity as the crucial standard by which humans gauge their quality of life.

The mood organ is a machine that dictates the user’s emotional disposition, or mood, according to a pre-set schedule. A struggle to achieve emotional authenticity is evidenced by the varying ways in which people use the mood organ. Rick Deckard, the novel’s main character, uses his mood organ to achieve a sense of optimism as he prepares to leave for work so that he can feel "a creative and fresh attitude towards his job." In contrast, Deckard’s wife Iran uses her mood organ as a means to explore a variety of emotions, including depression, in an attempt to mimic a more authenticated response to the deteriorated quality of life provided by continued existence on Earth.

The significance of authenticity is further highlighted in the way humans regard ownership of animals. Because of their rarity, real animals have become coveted possessions. Ownership of an animal is considered a symbol of economic success. The exclusivity of owning real animals has resulted in the creation of mechanical animals. These cheaper, near-perfect substitutes for authentic animals come complete with hidden control panels that dictate their movement and behavior so realistically that they are mistaken for the real thing. This is important because ownership of an ersatz animal is shameful and not openly discussed. The extent to which authentic animals are valued is maintained by the extreme confidentiality with which the companies that service ersatz animals operate. Deckard owns an ersatz sheep and doesn’t readily disclose this information to his neighbor, Bill Barbour, who owns a valuable authentic mare. When Deckard does confess the falsity of his animal, his neighbor’s response is one of sarcasm and sympathy.

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Summary and Analysis: Chapter 2