Biography

Bottome, Phyllis. Alfred Adler: A Biography. New York: Putnam, 1939, 324 p.

Popular biography written by a novelist who became a student and patient of Adler.

Dennis, Nigel. "Alfred Adler and the Style of Life." Encounter 35, No. 2 (August 1970): 5-11.

Includes personal reminiscences of Adler by the author and an evaluation of his psychological theories.

Hoffman, Edward. The Drive for Self. Alfred Adler and the Founding of Individual Psychology. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1994, 390 p.

A complete account of Adler's life, including his later career in the United States.

Orgler, Hertha. Alfred Adler: The Man and His Work. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1973, 270 p.

General study of Adler's life and career written by a prominent member of his Vienna circle.

Criticism

Ansbacher, Heinz L., and Ansbacher, Rowena R., eds. Cooperation Between the Sexes, by Alfred Adler. Translated by Heinz L. Ansbacher and Rowena R. Ansbacher. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1978, 468 p.

Contains an essay by Heinz L. Ansbacher, a prominent Adler scholar and editor, on Adler's theories about human sexuality.

Bagby, English. Review of The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology, by Alfred Adler. Yale Review XIV, No. 2 (January 1925): 392-94.

Discusses Adler's conceptions of the inferiority complex, the will to power, and the distinction between normal and neurotic psychological functioning.

Crandall, James E. Theory and Measurement of Social Interest: Empirical Tests of Adler's Concept. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981, 181 p.

Presents empirical research to support Adler's theories on the relationship between social instincts and mental health.

Denver, James. Review of The Practice and Theory of Individual Psychology, by Alfred Adler. Mind XXXIV, No. 133 (January 1925): 111-12.

Briefly characterizes the relationship of Adler's theories to Freud's and argues that Adler's book is of uneven quality, while finding that the sections on child psychology are of some value.

Farnsworth, Paul R. "Further Data on the Adlerian Theory of Artistry." The Journal of General Psychology 24, No. 2 (April 1941): 447-50.

Reports on empirical research to refute Adler's assertion that artistic creativity reflects an "overcompensation" for below-average physical abilities (low auditory acuity for musicians, poor color perception for painters, and so forth).

Porter, Alan. Review of Understanding Human Nature, by Alfred Adler. The Criterion VIII, No. XXX (September 1928): 146-49.

Suggests a parallel between Adler's theory of "individual psychology," whereby the will to power is tempered by a sense of inferiority, and classical Roman Stoicism, with its dialectic of desire and fear.

Ruggles, Arthur H. Review of Understanding Human Nature, by Alfred Adler. Yale Review XVIII, No. 1 (September 1928): 181-83.

Brief treatment of Adler's book notes its focus on the spoiled child.

Stepansky, Paul E. In Freud's Shadow: Adler in Context. Hillsdale, N.J.: The Analytic Press, 1983, 325 p.

Stresses the basis of Adler's psychological concepts in his early career as a general practitioner of medicine.

Additional coverage of Adler's life and career is available in the following source published by Gale Research: Contemporary Authors, Volume 119.