Water is one of the most common themes and symbols explored in The Alchemist. One of the four elements (earth, wind, sun, and water), it can either be a positive or a negative force. Melchizedek tells Santiago that “treasure is uncovered by the force of flowing water and it is buried by the same currents.” When he decides to move on from the crystal merchant’s shop, Santiago knows that “sometimes, there’s just no way to hold back the river.”

The oasis is a place of rest and respite largely because it has water. In the desert more than any place else on earth, water is treasured. It is fitting that Fatima and Santiago meet while she is collecting water. When she spills her water, the loss is significant because of its preciousness. She is careful not to let such a thing happen again, as they are both careful of their love.

Tears are also symbolic of the suffering that one must endure to find a Personal Legend. Fatima cries when Santiago must leave even though she knows all things are one and that if Santiago should not return to her he will become a “part of the clouds...and of the water that comes from the earth.” The parable of the man who finds that his son has been immortalized by Christ is tearful when he makes his discovery. Through the tears that fall from his eyes, Santiago is shown the omen of the scarab beetle near the pyramids.