What are some literary elements in Hemingway's "A Day's Wait"?

Literary elements are tools of authorship used in narratives; that is, they are tools for the construction of the plot and characters.

In his style of writing, Ernest Hemingway often limits some of these literary elements, such as dialogue or characterization. For instance, in "A Day's Wait" it is what is unspoken that is the cause of the boy's internal conflict, because the father is unaware that he has mistaken the doctor's temperature reading as being in degrees Celsius rather than in Fahrenheit. There is really no character who is the antagonist since there is no external conflict. Characterization is limited, as there are only three personages in this story: the father, his son, and the physician. (In the first sentence "we" implies the mother, but she is never mentioned again.) The doctor and the father are static characters; on the other hand, Schatz, who is the protagonist, is a dynamic character, as he is profoundly changed by his traumatic experience of believing that he will soon die.

Another literary element employed by Hemingway is the narrative method of minimalism. The father and son have brief exchanges, but the dialogue is fairly simple, and the story is only three pages. The mood of the story is one of distress, because Shatz believes he is going to die. Later, the father feels terrible that his son has misunderstood the temperature and been so distraught in thinking he would die while the father went hunting in the belief that there was nothing to really worry about. The father is especially distressed because Schatz has been traumatized by the experience:

...the next day it [the hold over himself] was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.

Finally, the setting is an important element in this story, because Schatz knows Celsius only because he has gone to school in France, where this temperature measurement is used.

Ernest Hemingway uses internal conflict in the short story "A Day's Wait." He also employs a first person narrator by having the Papa tell the story surrounding his young son's illness. Papa sees how sick his son is, sends him to bed, and has the doctor stop in to examine the boy. In Papa's conversation with the doctor he finds out that his boy has a minor flu with a temperature around 102 degrees. The boy overhears this conversation and believes he is going to die due to a mix-up in his understanding of the thermometer's measurement. The boy lays in his bed listlessly, simply waiting to die, thus creating the internal conflict. Finally, the boy asks his father when he will pass, telling him he heard at school that you cannot live with a temperature as high as his. The father explains,

“You poor Schatz,” I said. “Poor old Schatz. It’s like miles and kilometers. You aren’t going to die. That’s a different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it’s ninety-eight.

Once the internal conflict is resolved, the boy relaxes and begins to feel better.

Hemingway also makes use of strong visual imagery, especially when he is describing his adventures in the ice storm:

...it seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground and been varnished with ice.

What are the themes of "A Day's Wait" by Ernest Hemingway?

Hemingway's "slice of life" story of a boy named Schatz who suffers from a fever one day and experiences a tumult of emotions, demonstrates two themes:

The Importance of Single Events

Nine-year-old Schatz appears "very detached from what was going on" after the doctor visits the sick boy and announces that he has a 102 degree fever. Instead of sleeping, Schatz stares at the foot of the bed and tells his father that he can leave "if it bothers you."  After his father departs and then returns, Schatz "holds tight into himself about something."  Believing that his temperature is dangerously high, the boy perceives the incident of his acquiring a fever as a life-threatening situation.  When he survives his fever, Schatz is a changed child, for now "he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance."

The Tragic Results of Miscommunication

After the departure of the doctor, the father does not discuss the physicians's remarks with Schatz, assuming that his son understands that his 102 fever is not serious.  However, Schatz mistakes Farenheit for Centigrade and believes himself very ill.  Even when he tells his father, "You can't come in...you mustn't get what I have," his father still does not realize what his son means.

This miscommunication between parent and child has devastating results. For, Schatz, who is much too young to have been confronted by thoughts of his imminent death, recovers from his fever physically, but not mentally.  Henceforth, he has only a slight "hold over himself and he "cried very easily at little things that were of no importance," no longer possessing his courageous determination.

Describe the style of Hemingway's "A Day's Wait."

As a former journalist, Ernest Hemingway perpetuated his minimalist style in his literary writing, as well. In his short story, "A Day's Wait," Hemingway's sparse style becomes an understatement for the anguish that is unexpressed by Schatz, who mistakenly believes that he is going to die.

The style of Hemingway befits the theme of this short story as it is a portrayal of an individual's stoic courage in the face of his perceived death. Hemingway's "slice of life" tale takes a brief day that carries with it philosophical implications. Thus, the author's minimalist reporting of Schatz's anguish carries with it universal applications.  For, Hemingway's depiction of a brief moment in the lives of Schatz and his father heightens the universal themes that emerge from this narrative. 

Having told his father to go "if it bothers you," Schatz bravely faces alone what he perceives as death. When his father returns and tells Schatz that he has not really been all that sick, Hemingway writes,

But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly.  The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.

With minimal description of Schatz's reactions to his father's explanation of his real condition, Schatz becomes "detached" through misunderstanding. And, Hemingway's sparse style of writing reflects the lack of understanding between Schatz and his father.