well-being of all of Oceania’s peoples through revolutionary socialism. In practice, it depends on constantly reinforcing the people’s unthinking obedience and loyalty to the Party and Big Brother.

The novel’s unnamed narrator provides the

three sacred principles of Ingsoc: Newspeak, doublethink, the mutability of the past.

These principles are tightly interwoven. The first example given of Newspeak is “war is peace.” This idea fits with the mutability of the past, as history and current events are constantly being rewritten by workers such as Winston in service to the Party. A necessary component is doublethink, which allows the human mind to retain two contradictory messages at the same time. Doublethink, the narrator tells us, uses logic against logic so that people become convinced of the truth of things they know to be false. It allows a person

to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out, knowing them to be contradictory and believing in both of them.

Ingsoc is crucial to the perpetuation of the constant state of warfare that the rulers portray as generating freedom for the people. In order to benefit from such freedom, Oceania’s people must voluntarily cede all liberties. As people “believe that democracy was impossible,” they simultaneously believe that “the Party was the guardian of democracy.” By claiming to benefit everyone equally, Ingsoc actually supports a small elite: the Inner Party members.

In the book, we first come across the word "Ingsoc," which is Newspeak for "English Socialism," on posters. In the world of Ingsoc, ruled by the totalitarian Party, helicopters dart between buildings and look into people's windows.

According to the text, Ingsoc incorporates new words, histories, and truths. For instance, its "sacred principles" include "Newspeak, doublethink, and the mutability of the past." The word "mutability" references changeability and inconstancy. Essentially, Party leaders have the authority to direct the rewriting of world histories as needed.

Meanwhile, Newspeak is the official language of Oceania, one of the three superstates in the book. In essence, Newspeak involves adjustments to words and their meanings to fit Ingsoc principles.

In the book, we learn that Party leaders have commissioned the "ideological translation" of the greatest works in the English language. This means that works by Shakespeare, Byron, Chaucer, Dickens, and other great writers no longer exist in their original form.

The text tells us that the entire world is expected to adopt the principles of Ingsoc by 2050 and that "Newspeak is Ingsoc and Ingsoc is Newspeak."

In other words, the principles of Ingsoc are encapsulated in Newspeak. The two are inseparable. During his conversation with Syme, a colleague at the Ministry of Truth, Winston learns that Syme's work will contribute to the dramatic changing of language itself.

All of the great works of literature will undergo "ideological translations" instead of direct translations. They will speak only of things that line up with Ingsoc principles. Syme tells Winston that there will be no need for thought in the new world. In fact, he maintains that "orthodoxy" (the crux of the Ingsoc doctrine) will require no one to think.

Syme maintains that, under Ingsoc, orthodoxy will equate to unconsciousness. People will only repeat what they are told to say and speak only the words that are allowed.