Bernoulli equation has form `y'+P(x)y=Q(x)y^alpha.` We can convert any such equation into linear equation differential equation by using substitution `z=y^(1-alpha).` To learn more about this method of solving Bernoulli equation check out the links below.
We will show a somewhat different method which can also be used for solving linear equations.
`y'+y/x=x sqrt(y)`
Make substitution `y=uv` `=>` `y'=u'v+uv'`
`u'v+uv'+(uv)/x=x sqrt(uv)`
`v(u'+u/x)+uv'=x sqrt(uv)` (1)
Let us now assume that the expression in brackets equals zero (we can choose almost anything instead of zero, but this makes the calculation easier) in order to calculate `u.`
`u'+u/x=0`
`u'=-u/x`
`(du)/u=-dx/x`
Integrating both sides yields
`ln u=-ln x`
`ln u=ln x^-1`
`u=x^-1`
Plugging that into (1) gives
`x^-1 v'=x sqrt(x^-1 v)`
Now we multiply by `x` to get only `v'` on the left hand side.
`v'=x^2x^(-1/2)sqrt v`
`v'=x^(3/2)sqrt v`
`(dv)/sqrt v=x^(3/2)dx`
Integrating the above equation gives us
`2sqrt v=(2x^(5/2)+C)/5`
Divide by 2 and square the whole equation in order to get `v.`
`v=(x^5+2Cx^(5/2)+C^2)/25`
Now we just plug the obtained `u` and `v` into the substitution to get the final result.
`y=x^-1 cdot (x^5+2Cx^(5/2)+C^2)/25`
`y=(x^5+2Cx^(5/2)+C^2)/(25x)` `lArr` The general solution.
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