What was the significance of the letter that Daisy received right before her wedding to Tom? How does the letter influence the plot?

Quick answer:

Readers don't know what the letter contained or who wrote it, but we can infer that it was a letter from Gatsby, since Daisy had a brief and passionate affair with him. After Daisy receives the letter, she breaks down and gets spectacularly drunk, telling Jordan that she's changed her mind about marrying Tom. (Of course, the next day, when she sobers up, Daisy stoically goes through with the wedding.) Daisy's reaction to this letter suggests that she still harbors immense feelings for Gatsby and that she is not entering her marriage to Tom very enthusiastically.

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Jordan Baker recounts that the night before Daisy's wedding she found Daisy with "a bottle of Sauterne in one hand and a letter in another." In addition, she explains that after reading this letter, the drunken Daisy tried to remove the pearls given to her as a gift telling Jordan to "Take 'em down-stairs and give 'em back to whoever they belong to. Tell 'em all Daisy's change her mine."

Jordan never confirmed the letter was from Gatsby, but safely assumed it was from him considering he had been with Daisy the entire summer before he left for the war. Jordan put all the pieces together when Nick mentions Gatsby at the beginning of the novel and then Gatsby himself tells Jordan of his affair with Daisy.

This detail influences the novel's plot in that it makes a lot of sense why Daisy is so willing to throw herself into the affair with Gatsby and why Jordan is so willing to help her. In fact, Jordan tells Nick that "Daisy ought to have something in her life" referring to Gatsby. It's important to note that without Jordan's relationship with Nick and her knowledge of this letter that perhaps the afternoon tea Nick arranges in the next few days doesn't happen. If that tea doesn't happen, perhaps this entire novel doesn't happen.

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When Daisy was a young girl, she fell in love with Jay Gatsby. They were young and he was leaving for the war. They did not stay together and she marries Tom.

Before her wedding, she receives a letter from Gatsby. We do not know what was in that letter. It must have been something that left a profound effect on Daisy. We know that Daisy is not a drinker, yet on the eve of her wedding she gets drunks after reading the letter. It is sad, because although she deeply loved Gatsby, she marries Tom and has remained faithful to him. Tom on the other hand has not remained faithful to Daisy. Gatsby wants Jordan to persuade Nick to set up a meeting between Daisy and Gatsby. This is the turning point of the whole novel. When the two come together, we see that the love is still there for both of them. The tragic outcome that follows in the book all leads back to the meeting of Gatsby and Daisy.

The love of two people is a very strong thing. It is not always possible to just turn off those kinds of feelings. When you bring other people into the relationship, you set yourself up for failure. When there are spouses involved it is almost impossible for it to end in a good light. The letter that Gatsby wrote to Daisy, must have been extremely heartbreaking. She went and got drunk, which is not in her character. You can almost feel the heart wrenching pain that she felt when you read this book. Though what was in the letter remains a mystery, it is almost not important what it said. Daisy's reaction to it speaks loudly. 

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The letter that Daisy receives before her wedding is from Gatsby; this, in and of itself, makes the letter extremely significant. We do not know the contents of the letter, but Daisy’s reaction to it helps us to infer much. Nick has told us that Daisy does not drink, yet after reading this letter, she is rather drunk. She is also asking someone to tell Tom that Daisy has changed her mind – about the marriage. We can only assume that this letter from Gatsby asked Daisy to wait (for him, until the war was over, before marrying Tom; there are numerous possibilities). The letter doesn’t just explain the plot of the book; it also enhances the character of Daisy. This letter does help explain how much Gatsby wanted to be with Daisy; therefore, his single-minded goal of attaining Daisy’s love makes sense to us. This letter and Daisy’s reaction to it help the reader to sympathize with Daisy’s character; we gain an understanding that perhaps she doesn’t want to be married to Tom. Maybe she is worthy of Gatsby’s attention and love.

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