Mohism was a philosophical system in ancient China whose ideas were largely attributed to Mozi. It was anti-Confucian and anti-Taoist in its outlook.

Mohism, at various points, contributed to a philosophy of governance stemming from Mozi's idea that the good ruler will be able to divine the "Will of Heaven," which, in a rough sense, translated to a utilitarian approach to administration.

On the one hand, Mohism can contribute to efficiency in governance. The ancient Mohists called for the elimination of unnecessary rituals, the creation of a disciplined and efficient bureaucratic hierarchy under the ruler, and the creation of national unity through structured religious belief, in contrast to the Confucian approach, which they perceived to be atheist. They also supported a sort of social equality among the population.

On the other hand, however, the drive toward long-term material good in Mohist thinking resulted in uncontrolled population growth, which, in turn, led to famine. And the need to unite a population under the "Son of Heaven" contributed to the proliferation of wars of conquest.