Hi,

I can only answer the first question; try asking the second one another day.

Matthew Arnold, I believe, said, "Journalism is literature in a hurry."  Today, at least in fiction, the godfather of the journalistic style in Ernest Hemingway.  It is the rhetoric of ethos: highly ethical because of its lack of moralizing.  It is unadorned: Hemingway distrusted adjectives.  Overall, its minimalistic and understated style is characterized by the following:

-high frequency words

-monosyllabic words

-contractions, articles

-1st person pronouns

-action verbs, active tense

-colloquial

-Anglo-Saxon words

-simple sentences

-short, choppy

-compound sentences (lots of coordinating conjunctions “and”)

-1st Person (I –oriented)

-subjective

-informal (causal)

-male (macho)

-ethos (credibility)

-trustworthiness of the writer or speaker

-inductive reasoning

-stream of consciousness

-in medias res

-irony

-metaphor, simile

-allegories

-double meanings