Hi,
I can only answer the first question; try asking the second one another day.
Matthew Arnold, I believe, said, "Journalism is literature in a hurry." Today, at least in fiction, the godfather of the journalistic style in Ernest Hemingway. It is the rhetoric of ethos: highly ethical because of its lack of moralizing. It is unadorned: Hemingway distrusted adjectives. Overall, its minimalistic and understated style is characterized by the following:
-high frequency words
-monosyllabic words
-contractions, articles
-1st person pronouns
-action verbs, active tense
-colloquial
-Anglo-Saxon words
-simple sentences
-short, choppy
-compound sentences (lots of coordinating conjunctions “and”)
-1st Person (I –oriented)
-subjective
-informal (causal)
-male (macho)
-ethos (credibility)
-trustworthiness of the writer or speaker
-inductive reasoning
-stream of consciousness
-allegories
-double meanings
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