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Political Science
In a parliamentary form of government, the executive is usually known as a prime minister. He or she is chosen from the majority party in the parliament, and chooses a cabinet, or ministry, that is...
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Political Science
Historically, there are not many similarities between democracy, which is rule by the consent of the people, and monarchy, which is rule by a hereditary ruler. In a democracy, the people make basic...
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Political Science
There is information available to support the thesis that "Outcomes in American politics tend to serve the interests of the wealthy because poor people are less likely to vote." One source of...
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Political Science
First of all, please note that popular sovereignty, political equality, and political liberty are three aspects of democracy. Therefore, if something violates one of these, it also violates...
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Political Science
Anything can be considered as part of the political process if it is a process through which governmental institutions interact with the people. To understand what this means, look at Greenberg...
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Political Science
The first issue here is that the Democratic Party cannot unilaterally do anything. Given that the Republicans control Congress (as of the date of this response), Democrats can only propose...
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Political Science
Post-behaviouralism arose in response to behaviouralism, with its emphasis on quantitative, value-free research, the kind of research that seems to take place in a vacuum, without any incorporation...
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Political Science
In answering this question, we have to be careful not to ask questions that would be more properly asked by economists or by sociologists. We have to ask questions that are mainly the concern of...
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Political Science
The most important federal law that governs the civil rights of the disabled is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), passed in 1990. This law prohibits discrimination against people with...
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Political Science
How much independence a state administrator has from the governor who has appointed or nominated him or her to that office is dependent upon the individual state's constitution or upon state laws...
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Political Science
The 14th Amendment is important in the evolution of civil liberties because it was used to incorporate the Bill of Rights. What that means is that the 14th Amendment was used to justify the...
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Political Science
In my view, there is no question that “street-level bureaucrats” end up making policy decisions. This is because they are the ones who actually implement policies. The decisions they make end...
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Political Science
Many fields apply threshold and linear theories, for example, psychology, mathematics, archaeology and economics. Political science threshold theory and linearity theory (or linear theory) borrows...
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Political Science
The domestic politics of a state are certainly influenced by their interactions with other states, and the reverse (domestic politics affecting foreign policy) is also true. It certainly depends on...
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Political Science
This is a more complex issue than meets the eye. Let's look at a few salient factors, historically and presently, to see why public policy should or should not reflect the opinion of the voters....
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Political Science
The Speaker of the House is elected by the members of the House of Representatives. To be elected as the Speaker, a candidate must obtain an absolute majority of all the votes cast, excluding any...
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Political Science
The best answer to this question is to say that an independent, nonprofit group that receives and disburses funds to influence election campaigns is called a 527 committee. This sort of group is...
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Political Science
Political geography is different from political science in that it is a much more limited area of study. Political geography, like political science, is concerned with the study of politics....
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Political Science
There are minimal constraints on state legislatures’ ability to define congressional districts within their respective states. The sole provision in the United States Constitution addressing the...
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Political Science
There are a number of possible reasons why Congress is so partisan today. One factor is that Americans are becoming more partisan. It was once the case that many Americans were relatively...
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Political Science
The nature of political science is that it is a social science. This means that it is concerned with the relationships between human beings and between human beings and their societies. As a...
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Political Science
A little over two percent of the population of the United States, about 6.7 million people, identify themselves as Jewish. Whether this small minority of the population exercises a level of...
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Business
There are at least three reasons why the companies that benefit from trade barriers are more influential than the consumers who benefit from trade. Let us examine them. The first reason has to do...
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Political Science
There is no one, specific committee in Congress that is the only one whose members can develop expertise on a complex issue. Instead, there are many such committees. I believe that this question...
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Political Science
There were several factors that led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The main issue was that the government created by the Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses. The federal...
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Social Sciences
The answer to this question depends in large part on how you define “critical security studies.” If you see this as any sort of approach to security studies that is critical of both realism...
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Political Science
I think that the fact that the elites could spread their power if they wished to is a telling statement of the nature of power they possess. Power can be transferred. It is not static. It is not...
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Political Science
When we talk about “levels” of government in the United States, we are generally talking about the fact that we have a national government, state governments, and local governments. These are...
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Barack Obama
One could describe the origins of the mammoth congressional bill that became the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010," otherwise known as "Obamacare," with the previous Democratic...
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Law and Politics
Democracy hinges on some essential elements which revolve around the decision-making process being reliant on all relevant persons having their say. Relative to a democratic country, it is the...
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Political Science
There are two main reasons why members of Congress would introduce legislation written in whole or in part by interest groups. One reason has to do with time and expertise. The other has to do...
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Political Science
Let us start by looking at a few groups that vote more and a few corresponding groups that vote less often. After identifying the groups, we can think about why they behave as they do. First,...
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Social Sciences
There is, of course, no consensus among scholars of International Relations on this issue. Realists certainly do not believe that their theories are becoming outdated. Let us look at arguments...
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Political Science
The easiest answer to make here is that Theodore Roosevelt did both the best job and the worst job of respecting the job of the president as laid out in the Constitution. This is because different...
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Political Science
Political scientists argue that people make the decision on whether to vote on the basis of a cost/benefit analysis. They weigh the costs of voting with the benefits that they expect to get. If...
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Political Science
It takes a lot of money to form and to run a successful interest group because all of the things that interest groups do require money. In order to see why this is so, let us first examine the...
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Lobbying
The major differences between special interest groups in the late-19th to early-20th Century period and today is the vastly increased number of such groups lobbying the federal government and the...
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Political Science
I would argue that political parties are not going to get any stronger. However, I do not believe that candidates will get stronger. I think that candidates will lose more control over their...
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Political Science
Let's define a few terms and that should largely answer the question. In the broadest sense, the term science means ... a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of...
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Political Science
There is some amount of disagreement on this topic, even within the discipline of political science. My own view is that political science is not a science, but there are many political scientists...
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Political Science
The 1830s and 1840s can be seen as something of a golden age for democracy. This was a time when more and more people started voting in presidential elections and otherwise participating in...
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Political Science
If we include both President Lincoln and President Hayes, there were only four presidents in this group. Of these four, I would argue that President Lincoln did the best job of fulfilling and...
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Political Science
The term “activist judge” is largely a pejorative term in our political discourse today. It is a term that can be used by anyone to malign a judge who makes a “wrong” decision. However,...
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Political Science
These are really not necessarily three different things. A democracy, a republic, and a federation are not different things in the sense that a car, a tree, and a ball are. Instead, the three are...
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Political Science
Here's an interesting formula to think through your question: In a democracy, anything that is not forbidden is permitted. In an authoritarian system, anything that is not permitted is forbidden....
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Political Science
There are similarities and differences between a parliamentary democracy and a presidential democracy. One similarity is that in both forms of government, the people elect their representatives....
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Political Science
It is hard to know for sure what is causing this change. First, I would say that it is not ignorance. People have always been relatively ignorant about their own members. Therefore, this should...
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Political Science
There are different ways to categorize different kinds of government. Let us look at two main ways. First, you can say that governments can be democratic, authoritarian, or totalitarian. These...
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Political Science
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Political Science
If one limits a compilation of violent political transformations to revolutions and excludes coups d’etat, then the number is drastically reduced, as instances of the latter can fill a book by...
